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This thesis examines how consolation is expressed in the Finnish devotional writings of field chaplain Carolus Olai Pictorius during the Swedish campaign in Livonia in 1622. These texts were written for Finnish soldiers in the Swedish army, many of whom remained in Riga as part of the garrison after the city's capture. The study aims to analyse how language, theology, and pastoral care relate
This thesis examines the market access barriers faced by small-scale producers in Bolivia, with a focus on Chiquitania, Los Valles Cruceños, and Zongo. Drawing on 15 semi-structured interviews with producers, vendors, university staff, and institutional actors, it analyses how structural, institutional, and relational barriers shape not only producers’ ability to reach markets, but also their abil
DAC7-direktivet utgör en ändring av rådets direktiv 2011/16/EU om admi-nistrativt samarbete i fråga om beskattning och trädde i kraft den 1 januari 2023. Det övergripande syftet med DAC-direktiven i allmänhet är att bekämpa skattebedrägeri och skatteundandraganden samt att säkerställa en rättvis be-skattning inom unionen. DAC7-direktivet fokuserar på berörda verksamheter som bedrivs av säljare viThe DAC7-Directive constitutes an amendment to Council Directive 2011/16/EU on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation and entered into force on 1 January 2023. The overarching purpose of the DAC directives in general is to combat tax fraud and tax evasion, as well as to ensure fair taxation within the Union. The DAC7-Directive focuses on relevant activities carried out by sellers thro
Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur miljöförsvarare kan skyddas inom EUrätten i utövandet av civil olydnad. Syftet baseras till stor del på- och inspireras av Guidelines on Peaceful Environmental Protest and Civil Disobedience som Specialrapportören för miljöförsvarare under Århuskonventionens nyligen har publicerat. Vidare bygger uppsatsen på ett antal internationella konventioner för att undThis graduate thesis aims to examine possible avenues for protection for environmental defenders exercising civil disobedience within the EU legal framework. The aim is based on and inspired by the Guidelines on Peaceful Environmental Protest and Civil Disobedience published in 2025 by the Special Rapporteur on Environmental Defenders under the Aarhus Convention. Further, the graduate thesis buil
Uppsatsen fokuserar på den frivilliga nationella tilläggsskatten (QDMTT) i OECD:s Pillar Two-modell samt EU:s minimibeskattningsdirektiv. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda hur mycket en QDMTT kan variera från modellreglerna respektive EU-direktivet och ändå anses vara kvalificerad. Detta görs mot bakgrund av den svenska implementeringen. Genom rättsdogmatisk metod analyseras EU-direktivet, tillägThe thesis focuses on the optional domestic top-up tax (QDMTT) within the OECD Pillar Two model and the EU Minimum Tax Directive. The purpose of the thesis is to examine to what extent a QDMTT may deviate from the Model Rules and the EU Directive while still being considered qualified. This is examined in light of the Swedish implementation. Using a legal dogmatic method, the thesis analyses the E
Bodelning är ett obligatorisk förfarande som ska vidtas av makar vid äktenskapsskillnad. Det regleras i ÄktB men har förekommit i svensk rätt i flera olika regelsamlingar. Förändring inom rättsområdet har historiskt sett motiverats av att män haft större ekonomisk vinning av bodelningsförfarandet. För att bibehålla bodelningens relevans har reglerna utvecklats parallellt med samhällsdebatten. NumeDivision of marital property is a mandatory procedure to be undertaken by spouses upon divorce. It is regulated in the Marriage Code but has existed in Swedish law in various legal constellations. Historically, changes within this area of law have been motivated by the fact that men have gained greater economic benefit from the division of marital property process. In order to preserve the relevan
Den statliga järnvägsinfrastrukturen är central för Sveriges transportsystem men är samtidigt resurs- och kostnadskrävande att anlägga och underhålla. Räler är en särskilt betydelsefull komponent eftersom de har lång teknisk livslängd och tillverkas av energikrävande stål. Skillnader i belastning och slitage inom järnvägsnätet innebär att räler som tas ur drift i vissa delar av anläggningen i andrThe state owned railway infrastructure is central to Sweden’s transport system but is at the same time resource and cost intensive to construct and maintain. Rails constitute a particularly significant component, as they have a long technical service life and are manufactured from energy intensive steel. Variations in load and wear across the railway network men that rails taken out of service in
This thesis aims to evaluate the extent to which income from embedded royalties in mixed contracts generated by a subsidiary falling under the ATAD’s CFC rules can be attributed to the tax base of the parent company as “any other income generated from intellectual property” as established by Article 7(2)(a)(ii) ATAD in light of the freedom of establishment under Article 49 TFEU. First, it explains
Trafik spelar en grundläggande och central roll i stadsutvecklingen, där transportsystemet formar hur städer och samhällen utvecklas, människors rörelsemönster och hur miljön upplevs. Tidigare studier visar att det sannolikt finns ca 20 miljoner parkeringsplatser i Sverige. För att minska antalet anordnade parkeringsplatser som krävs vid nybyggnation kan byggherren göra mobilitetsköp som syftar tiTransport plays a fundamental role in urban development, as transport shapes how cities and communities evolve, influence people’s movement patterns and affect how the urban environment is perceived. Previous studies indicate that there are approximately 20 million parking spaces in Sweden. To reduce the number of parking spaces required in new developments, the developer can invest in mobility me
Uppsatsens ämne är det utökade skyddet för kända varumärken, syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och analysera förutsättningarna och gränserna för det utökade skyddet för kända varumärken inom varumärkeslagen. För att uppnå syftet har följande frågeställningar ställts: Vad innebär kravet att ett varukännetecken ska vara känt inom en betydande del av omsättningskretsen? Vad innebär att användningeThe subject of the thesis is the extended protection for reputed trademarks. The purpose of the thesis is to describe and analyze the conditions and limits for the extended protection of well-known trademarks within trademark law. To achieve this purpose, the following research questions are addressed: What does the requirement that a sign must be known within a substantial part of the relevant pu
Moving ahead from the domination of either side of established powers like socialism, capitalism, or all the -isms, another way seems possible. As we know from history, there is a great potential and capacity that lies within civil society that finds creative ways to tackle the problems others have failed to address. The study aimed to explore the strategies that social enterprises apply to reconc
Framtida samhällsutmaningar och ett ökat behov av teknisk kompetens gör det viktigt att förstå hur en bredare grupp unga kan attraheras till ingenjörsyrket. Föreliggande studie undersöker hur olika framställningar av en ingenjörsroll påverkar ungas intresse för yrket. Studien utgår från målkongruensteorin som förklarar att karriärintresse påverkas av huruvida individer uppfattar att ett yrke kan uFuture societal challenges and the need for technical competence highlight the importance of understanding how engineering can attract a broader group of young people. The present study examines how different framings of an engineering role influence young people’s interest in the occupation. The study was based on Goal Congruity Theory, which suggests that career interest is shaped by whether peo
The transition towards a sustainable bio-based economy requires efficient conversion of renewable biomass into high-value platform chemicals. One such compound is 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a key precursor for the production of polyethylene furanoate (PEF), a promising alternative to petroleum-derived plastics such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-fur
What would it mean for a building to never be finished? This thesis starts from that question. Looking at informal settlements, specifically the umkhukhu in South African townships , buildings there grow bit by bit, use whatever is available, get taken apart and rebuilt. There is no completion date. The thesis takes that seriously, not as something to fix, but as a way of thinking about what h
Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan träningsmotivation och kroppsuppskattning hos unga vuxna i Sverige, samt hur träningsfrekvens samvarierar med olika motivationsformer. Studien utgick från Self- Determination Theory (SDT) och fokuserade särskilt på skillnaden mellan autonom och kontrollerad motivation. Vidare undersöktes eventuella könsskillnader i träningsmotivatioThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between exercise motivation and body appreciation among young adults in Sweden, as well as how exercise frequency covaries with different forms of motivation. The study was based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and focused particularly on the distinction between autonomous and controlled motivation. Furthermore, potential gender d
XL-MIMO systems place hundreds of antenna elements across a physically large aperture, enabling high spatial resolution for 6G deployments. At sub-6 GHz carrier frequencies and user distances below roughly 30 m, the aperture is large enough that two propagation effects dominate channel structure: the wavefront arriving from a near-field source is spherical rather than planar, so both range and ang
Segregation is a complex social phenomenon that has existed since the emergence of the first cities. In itself, segregation does not necessarily constitute a problem; however, it becomes a societal issue when it leads to excessively unequal conditions in people’s upbringing and living standards. One commonly highlighted approach to preventing and counteracting segregation is through deliberate and
Purpose: The uterus and cervix are highly mobile organs that may be affected by motion in surrounding tissues during radiotherapy. In this study, the aim was to investigate intra-fraction motion of the uterus, cervix and organs at risk during a simulated treatment delivery of a magnetic resonance guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART) fraction and to evaluate its impact on the delivered dose. Mate
