Filtyp
The Commentator is a small-scale computer implementation of a model oftext production. The system simulates human behavior from the perceptionof events on a screen to the utterances. It is designed to allow anyone havingsome knowledge of Basic and access to a microcomputer to study the semantics of words (e.g. localization and movement predicates such asapproach, left/right, near, in front of, tur
Several suggestions have been made as to why Sweden's approach to managing the COVID-19 pandemic came to rely on a strategy based on voluntary measures. Two of the most prominent explanations for why the country chose a different strategy than many other countries have focused on micro- and macro-level factors, explaining the strategy either in terms of the psychologies of prominent actors or by p
Recycling of livestock manure in agroecosystems has been shown to enhance the sustainability of food production and reduce adverse environmental consequences from intensive crop-livestock systems. However, the effect of manure application on the associations between soil quality and ecosystem multifunctionality still remains poorly understood. Hereby, we used a five-year field experiment to invest
Environmental change is disrupting mutualisms between organisms worldwide. Reported declines in insect populations and changes in pollinator community compositions in response to land use and other environmental drivers have put the spotlight on the need to conserve pollinators. While this is often motivated by their role in supporting crop yields, the role of pollinators for reproduction and resu
Urbanization is a major contributor to biodiversity declines. However, studies assessing effects of urban landscapes per se (i.e., disentangled from focal habitat effects) on biodiversity across spatial scales are lacking. Understanding such scale-dependent effects is fundamental to preserve habitats along an urbanization gradient in a way that maximizes overall biodiversity. We investigated the i
Land sharing versus land sparing describes contrasting strategies to conserve biodiversity while maintaining agricultural production. We comprehensively reviewed empirical studies comparing land-sharing and land-sparing strategies to assess how these were conceptualized and how consequences for biodiver- sity, commodity production, and additional ecosystem services have been quantified. Out of 52
The mechanisms leading to the occurrence of extreme weather and climate events are varied and complex. They generally encompass a combination of dynamic and thermodynamic processes, as well as drivers external to the climate system, such as anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and land use change. Here we present the ExtremeX multi-model intercomparison experiment, which was designed to investig
Many commercial web sites, as web stores, have recently experienced performance problems due to the growth of Internet trading. One way to improve a site’s performance during overload is to introduce admission control mechanisms. In this paper we develop and investigate two admission control schemes specifically for distributed commercial web sites. One of the schemes is request-based and the othe
This paper describes preliminary results from the test-retest of the NAME 1.0. Four scales were tested: Mobility-related participation frequency; Mobility ease/difficulty; Mobility dependence; Extent of assistance in mobility. The test was conducted in the five Nordic countries. In all 147 mobility device users took part in the study, mean age 60 years (range 19 - 93). Each participant was intervi
Resolving challenges related to the sustainability of natural capital and ecosystem services is an urgent issue. No roadmap on reaching sustainability exists; and the kind of sustainable land use required in a world that acknowledges both multiple environmental boundaries and local human well-being presents a quandary. In this commentary, we argue that a new globally consistent and expandable syst
Accumulated carbon uptake, apparent quantum yield (AQY) and light-saturated net CO2 assimilation (A(sat)) were used to assess the responses of photosynthesis to environmental conditions during spring for three consecutive years. Whole-tree chambers were used to expose 40-year-old field-grown Norway spruce trees in northern Sweden to an elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, [CO2], of 700 mu mol C
1. The rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and temperature have the potential to substantially affect the terrestrial water and energy balance by altering the stomatal conductance and transpiration of trees. 2. Many models assume decreases in stomatal conductance and plant water use under rising [CO2], which has been used as a plausible explanation for the positive g
The variations in functional capacity, life quality and health increase as people grow older. Most likely, this is the result of a lifelong process in which both "wear-and-tear" and constructive development play a major role. Life experiences all the way from daily hazards to burdensome life events, to long-term exposure, to stress and strain might wear out the body. Life experiences of self-fulfi
The separation of abiotic and biotic factors affecting populations and communities is an important step in understanding how climate change can influence ecological processes, but quantifying their relative contribution to community changes is a challenge. We assessed the effect of temperature and species interactions on the population dynamics of a forest bird community with a hierarchical dynami
The purpose of this study was to understand how the proposed legislation to lower the age of criminal responsibility from 15 to 13 years can be understood in relation to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. We have used a qualitative method in the form of a document analysis. Our empirical material consisted of the draft of the legislation and relevant articles from the Convention on the Rig
Antalet otillåtna bosättningar har ökat i Sverige på senare tid. Detta har skapat problem för markägarna som vållas kostnader samt förlorar besittningen till sin mark. Möjligheterna för markägare att idag få bosättningarna avlägsnade genom särskild handräckning har ansetts dåligt anpassade för dagens situation. Framför allt därför att markägare idag måste identifiera alla på bosättningen i sambandThe number of illegal settlements has recently started to increase in Sweden. This has caused problems for landowners whose possession of the ground is lost. Landowners possibilities that through Swedish law remove the settlements has been deemed poorly fit for the current situations. Mainly because landowners has to identify everyone who lives in the illegal settlement in order to receive help fr
As tariffs and other conventional barriers to trade have been substantially dismantled over the course of the past decades, the relative costs of inefficient trade procedures have risen and their trade distorting effects are gaining more attention from both policymakers and academics. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the emerging literature on the topic by turning the scope towards th
The triple planetary crisis exerts high pressure on countries to transform their current economic system. The transition to a green economy is not only necessary to ensure sustainable development but also essential for countries to remain economically competitive. The neighbouring countries Panama and Costa Rica are both facing significant challenges under the green transition, despite their diffe
