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BACKGROUND In the United States, Black men are at highest risk for being diagnosed with and dying from prostate cancer. Given this disparity, we examined relevant data to establish clinical prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening guidelines for Black men in the United States. METHODS A comprehensive literature search identified 1848 unique publications for screening. Of those screened, 287 studi
The expansive carbon reservoirs of the boreal region are becoming some of the most rapidly growing sources of greenhouse gasses under a positive feedback between intensifying fire activity and climate change. However, current regional-scale methods lack the spatial precision needed to improve understanding of the drivers of these fluxes to inform strategies aimed at maximizing landscape carbon sto
Ett radioaktivt nedfall efter ett kärnkraftshaveri kan resultera i kontamination av stora landområden. I syfte att skydda människors hälsa mot joniserande strålning kan storskalig sanering vara nödvändig. Sverige saknar nationell erfarenhet av denna typ av storskalig sanering. Det finns därmed stora osäkerheter i verkan av en sådan sanering som bl.a. är beroende av de enskilda saneringsåtgärdernas
BACKGROUND: Preoperative anaemia is associated with increased use of blood transfusions, a greater risk of postoperative complications, and patient morbidity. The IRON NOF trial aimed to investigate whether the administration of i.v. iron in anaemic patients during hip fracture surgery reduced the need for blood transfusion and improved patient outcomes.METHODS: This phase III double-blind, random
Vision impairment increases risks such as social isolation, mobility challenges, and falls. Wearable Augmented Reality (AR) devices with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can enhance sensory perception by enabling real-time recognition of obstacles, assisting visually impaired individuals during street navigation, aiming to reduce the risk of falls. In this paper, we propose a Federated Learning (FL) f
BackgroundPrimary care is key to early identification and referral of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Assessing eligibility for new anti-amyloid treatment may guide appropriate referrals and prevent overburdening specialized care. In this study we determined eligibility for anti-amyloid treatment in patients undergoing cognitive evaluation in primary care.MethodPatients were selected from
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major driver of evolution and a key source of innovation in the microbial world. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids and phages, often act as agents of HGT or as vehicles for cargo genes, some of which define the adaptive potential of the host organism in specific environments. These genes are involved in immunity, anti-immunity, virulence, and anti
Light chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (LC-MGUS) is an asymptomatic precursor of multiple myeloma (MM) and related disorders defined by abnormal free light chain (FLC) testing. Recently, revised FLC reference intervals were proposed by the iStopMM study group. We evaluated their performance in a large population-based cohort. MGUS cases were identified from the Danish Lymph
Natural polymers are promising sustainable materials for diverse applications. Xylans, major components of hemicellulose, exhibit origin-dependent substitution patterns that determine their physicochemical properties. Targeted enzymatic modification of these substituents offers a mild and precise approach for tailoring the polymer's characteristics. Glucuronidases (EC 3.2.1.139) and xylan α-1,2-gl
We explore mental health as a potential mechanism to explain the labor market penalty of an early-onset physical disability using administrative data from Sweden. For methodological reasons, we focus on persons with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and use prescriptions for mental health conditions. We examine how much of the differences in labor market outcomes is explained by prescriptions for mental health
Thermal energy storage is likely to be integral to a sustainable, secure and affordable energy system facing ever greater challenges in matching supply and demand. Techno-economic studies have explored the potential for thermal storage deployment, but transitions in the energy system are also influenced by the activities and decisions of an array of actors. We gathered new empirical evidence from
We study attitudes toward offering monetary payments for vaccination. We develop the Policy Lab, an experimental paradigm to characterize policy preferences in which participants decide whether to implement actual interventions to influence others' real-world behavior. In two studies with representative samples of the Swedish population (N=2,010) and one with Swedish policymakers (N=2,008), partic
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and a growing healthcare challenge. Amyloid-targeting therapies (ATT) may slow progression, but implementation is limited by logistical and economic barriers. As primary care is the first contact for most patients with cognitive concerns, quantifying treatment eligibility in this setting is essential. The purpose of this study
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising service for the Internet of Things (IoT), providing a cost-effective and sustainable solution to deploy so-called energy-neutral devices on a massive scale. The power received at the device side from a conventional transmit antenna with a physically small aperture decays rapidly with the distance. New opportunities arise from the transition from convent
