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Let tau(n) be the first time a queueing process like the queue length or workload exceeds a level n. For the M/M/1 queue length process, the mean Etaun and the Laplace transform Ee(-staun) is derived in closed form using a martingale introduced in Kella and Whitt (1992). For workload processes and more general systems like MAP/PH/1, we use a Markov additive extension given in Asmussen and Kella (2
This paper introduces a new method for real-time relighting of scenes illuminated by local light sources. We extend previous work on precomputed radiance transfer for distant lighting to local lighting by introducing the concept of unstructured light clouds. The unstructured light cloud enables a compact representation of local lights in the model and real-time rendering of complex models with ful
Med metoden kan fuktflödet genom, och relativa fuktighetens fördelning i en konstruktion beräknas. Metoden kan tillämpas på konstruktioner som består av upp till tre materialskikt. Materialdata redovisas för betong, bruk, makadam, dräneringsgrus, lättbetong, tegel, trä, spånskiva och golvmattor.
A compact fiber-optic point-measuring fluorosensor fully adapted to clinical studies is described. The system can use two excitation wavelengths, 337 and 405 nm, obtained from a nitrogen laser directly, or after dye laser conversion, respectively. The image intensifier used in the spectrometer can be gated with a variable time delay, allowing also time-resolved spectra to be extracted, with a time
Time-domain Green dyadics for linear, homogeneous, temporally dispersive bi-isotropic media are presented. A complex time-dependent electromagnetic field is introduced. Approximation to the complex field from an electric point dipole in an unbounded bi-isotropic medium with respect to the slowly varying components (second forerunner approximation) is obtained. Numerical examples are presented. Sur
Due to our own preference for bright light, we tend to forget that many insects are active in very dim light. Nocturnal insects possess in general superposition compound eyes. This eye design is truly optimized for dim light as photons can be gathered through large apertures comprised of hundreds of lenses. In apposition eyes, on the other hand, the aperture consists of a single lens resulting in
Software architecture, the underlying structure to a software system, is an asset which can be invested in. Such investments can later be capitalized on in the form of e.g. increased flexibility and enhanced maintainability. These benefits may be gained in a system developed in one project, but are much more visible in a strategic perspective when several projects share resources. Architectural de
A new reduced-complexity Schnorr-Euchner decoding algorithm is proposed in this letter for uncoded multi-input multi-output systems, with q-QAM (q = 4, 16....) modulation. Furthermore, a Fano-like metric bias is introduced to the algorithm from the perspective of sequential decoding, as well as an early termination technique. Simulation results show that these modifications reduce the algorithm co
Action plan for the conservation of Psora vallesiaca Psora vallesiaca is red-listed in Sweden and assigned to the category Critically Endangered (CR). In Sweden it is known from one locality on Öland where it grows in a small population of about 30 individuals. In the spring of 2006, four new localities were discovered on Gotland. The main distribution of Psora vallesiaca streches from the Mediter
Goodpasture's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis, and antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies. We have studied a rat model with chimeric proteins (CPs) consisting of portions of the nephritogenic non-collagenous domain of alpha3 type IV collagen (alpha3(IV)NC1) and non-nephritogenic alpha1(IV)NC1. CPs with aminoterminal alpha3 that
