Filtyp
Temperature is a key constraint on ecosystem respiration but is typically measured at only one or a few points across a study site. Given the exponential relationship between temperature and respiration, small differences in temperature across a heterogeneous ecosystem may result in large differences in respiration fluxes. These differences are not captured in current respiration models which use
Fire frequency is changing globally and is projected to affect the global carbon cycle and climate. However, uncertainty about how ecosystems respond to decadal changes in fire frequency makes it difficult to predict the effects of altered fire regimes on the carbon cycle; for instance, we do not fully understand the long-term effects of fire on soil carbon and nutrient storage, or whether fire-dr
Biogeochemical models use meteorological forcing data derived with different approaches(e.g. based on interpolation or reanalysis of observation data or a hybrid hereof) to simulateecosystem processes such as gross primary productivity (GPP). This study assesses theimpact of different widely used climate datasets on simulated gross primary productivity andevaluates the suitability of them for repr
The Amazon basin is characterized by a strong interplay between the atmosphere and vegetation. Anthropogenic land use and land cover change (LULCC) affects vegetation and the exchange of energy and water with the atmosphere. Here we have assessed potential LULCC impacts on climate and natural vegetation dynamics over South America with a regional Earth system model that also accounts for vegetatio
In this study, a global vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) is forced with spatial information (Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics (NUTS) 2 level) of land-use intensity change in the form of nitrogen (N) fertilization derived from a model chain which informed the Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact (CAPRI) model. We analysed the combined role of climate change and land-use intens
The important role of fire in regulating vegetation community composition and contributions to emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols make it a critical component of dynamic global vegetation models and Earth system models. Over 2 decades of development, a wide variety of model structures and mechanisms have been designed and incorporated into global fire models, which have been linked to diff
It is projected that forest disturbances, such as insect outbreaks, will have an increasingly negative impact on forests with a warmer climate. These disturbance events can have a substantial impact on forests' ability to absorb atmospheric CO2, and may even turn forests from carbon sinks into carbon sources; hence, it is important to develop methods both to monitor forest disturbances and to quan
Carbon release from the North Pacific in glacial-interglacial cycles has been mainly linked to the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) formation and associated carbon/nutrient water upwelling and biological productivity changes. However, relationship between NPIW and atmospheric CO2 change in the early interglacial remains unclear. Here we report a high-resolution sediment record of NPIW evolu
Vegetation is an important component in the Earth system, providing a direct link between the biosphere and atmosphere. As such, a representative vegetation pattern is needed to accurately simulate climate. We attempt to model global vegetation (biomes) with a data-driven approach, to test if this allows us to create robust global and regional vegetation patterns. This not only provides quantitati
During 2010-2013, we investigated the effects of stump harvesting on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) with the flux-gradient technique at four experimental plots in a hemiboreal forest in Sweden. All plots were clear-cut and soil scarified and two of the plots were additionally stump harvested. The two clear-cut plots served as control plot
Remote sensing-based models are an adequate tool to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake by terrestrial ecosystems, and to upscale the results from ecosystem to regional or global scales. In this study we compare three models driven by Sentinel-2 derived vegetation indices together with eddy covariance (EC) measured CO2 flux and radiation data in order to estimate gross primary production (GPP) in
The ongoing development of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) global methane (CH4) budget shows a continuation of increasing CH4 emissions and CH4 accumulation in the atmosphere during 2000–2017. Here, we decompose the global budget into 19 regions (18 land and 1 oceanic) and five key source sectors to spatially attribute the observed global trends. A comparison of top-down (TD) (atmospheric and tran
The extreme 2018 hot drought that affected central and northern Europe led to the worst wildfire season in Sweden in over a century. The Ljusdal fire complex, the largest area burnt that year (8995 ha), offered a rare opportunity to quantify the combined impacts of wildfire and post-fire management on Scandinavian boreal forests. We present chamber measurements of soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes, soil mic
The global temperature rise is proportional to the cumulative amount of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. This observation is consistent between climate models and historical observations. It has also given rise to the concept of a carbon budget, which sets a threshold for the amount of CO2 that can be emitted into the atmosphere while still fulfilling political goals such as the Paris Agreement.Te
This study investigates possible structural changes of an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) when it adsorbs to a solid surface. Experiments on IDPs primarily result in ensemble averages due to their high dynamics. Therefore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are crucial for obtaining more detailed information on the atomistic and molecular levels. An evaluation of seven different force
While many studies have examined carbon dynamics of boreal ecosystems following wildfire, research on forest-atmosphere carbon fluxes during widespread smoke events from adjacent active wildfires is limited. We examined eddy covariance carbon exchange adjacent to the May 2011 Utikuma Complex wildfire in central Alberta, Canada. Over a one-week period while the wildfire was burning <10 km from the
Climate change may affect the yield of mass-flowering crops by altering the interplay between pest pressure and service delivery by pollinators, but realistic predictions need to account for the frequent use of insecticides in conventional farming. We tested the interactive effects of insecticide use and warmer winter conditions on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) production, pest pressure, and the a
Eddy covariance measurement of species that are co-emitted with carbon dioxide (CO2), such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 (NOx), provides an opportunity to attribute a net flux to individual source or sink categories. We present eight months of continuous simultaneous measurements of fluxes (F) of CO2, CO, NOx, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a tall tower (112 m
An increased frequency of droughts due to anthropogenic climate change can lead to considerable stress for soil microorganisms and their functioning within northern peatlands. A better understanding of the diversity and relative abundance of methane producing and oxidizing taxa, and their functional genes, can help predict the functional potential of peatlands and how the microorganisms respond to
