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Nitrogen leaching from boreal and temporal forests, where normally most of the nitrogen is retained, has the potential to increase acidification of soil and water and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. In parts of Sweden, where the nitrogen deposition has been intermediate to high during recent decades, there are indications that the soils are close to nitrogen saturation. In this study, four diffe
A Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) forest site in southwest Sweden was chosen to study the effects of storm disturbances over the period 1997-2009, during which two storms, 'Lothar' (December 1999) and 'Gudrun' (January 2005), affected the area. Monitored deposition data, soil water chemistry data and forest inventory data were compared with the predictions of an integrated ecosystem model, ForSA
I jakten på förnyelsebara energikällor är solceller en av de mest lovande teknikerna. Idag dominerar kisel-solcellen marknaden men även den har begränsningar och därför är det motiverat att utveckla andra sorters solceller. En solcellsteknik på utvecklingsstadiet som försöker efterlikna fotosyntesen är Grätzelsolcellen. Precis som i fotosyntesen är det en färgämnesmolekyl i solcellen som ska absorIn the hunt for fossile-free energy-harvesting techniques, solar cells constitute one of the most promising techniques. Today, silicon-based solar cells are the dominant technique on the market but even the Silicon solar cell has limitations which means that there is a motivation for developing new solutions. One of those techniques is the dye-sensitized solar cell. Just as in photosynthesis, the
In this paper we appraise current agricultural subsidy policy in the EU. Several sources of its inefficiency are identified: it is inefficient for supporting farmers’ incomes or guaranteeing food security, and irrational transfer payments decoupled from actual performance that may be negative for environmental protection, social cohesion, etc. Based on a simplified economic model, we prove that th
Soil aggregate stability has been asserted as an indicator of soil quality. Earthworms are essential for the stability of soil aggregates due to their activities, including burrowing and organic matter decomposition. In this study, we focused on how differences in plant litter quality influences earthworm abundance and composition and, subsequently, macroaggregate stability in an agroforestry ecos
The study presents a method to evaluate the response of forest ecosystems to increased biomass extraction based on the integrated ecosystem model ForSAFE. It evaluates the effects of residue removal, intensification of thinnings and a shorter rotation period on a forest site in Southern Sweden. The evaluation includes multiple ecosystem indicators for productivity, carbon storage, wood production,
Forest soils are generally considered to be net sinks of methane (CH4), but CH4 fluxes vary spatially depending on soil conditions. Measuring CH4 exchange with chambers, which are commonly used for this purpose, might not result in representative fluxes at site scale. Appropriate methods for upscaling CH4 fluxes from point measurements to site scale are therefore needed. At the boreal forest resea
This is a thesis on women's right to reproductive choice and the implementation of this right on the Indonesian island of Lombok. As this is a graduate thesis on the Master Program in Human Rights Law, the point of departure is the regulation of the right to reproductive choice in international human rights law. To establish the content and scope of the right to reproductive choice, the materi
Trade-offs exist among the multiple ecosystem services (ES) generated by forests. Generally, wood production conflicts with the provisioning of public-good ES such as the storage of carbon, nutrient retention and conservation of biodiversity. Recognizing that forests generate both private- and public-good ES implies that forestry should be optimized to maximize the contribution of forests to socie
Inland waters transport, transform and retain significant amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that may be biologically reactive (bioreactive) and thus potentially degraded into atmospheric CO2. Despite its global importance, relatively little is known about environmental controls on bioreactivity of DOC as it moves through river systems with varying water residence time (WRT). Here we determ
Owing to the significant societal value of inland water resources, there is a need for cost-effective monitoring of water quality on large scales. We tested the suitability of the recently launched Sentinel-2A to monitor a key water quality parameter, coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), in various types of lakes in northern Sweden. Values of a(420)CDOM (CDOM absorption at 420 nm wavelength)
The dry and wet deposition of nitrate, NO3−, and ammonium, NH4+, were estimated for Norway spruce forests at ten monitoring sites across Sweden for the years 2014–2017. The particulate dry deposition was estimated based on measurements using Teflon string samplers as surrogate surfaces, in combination with the net throughfall deposition for sodium (throughfall subtracted with wet deposition). The
Iron (Fe) concentrations are increasing in lakes on a wide geographical scale, contributing to recent browning of lake waters. As available time series on lake-water Fe concentrations are relatively short, covering the past few decades only, varved lake sediments may provide extended and precisely dated records to study temporal Fe dynamics in lakes in response to environmental drivers, such as ch
Abstract in UndeterminedThe Nordic countries have been slow EU integrators. Some of them are not even members of the Union. Little does it matter. Competition law has been at the forefront of the vivid Nordic academic debate for years. A result: The establishment of a solid network among researchers at the Nordic universities.In 2012 the Network came together in Lund, Sweden to address how trade a
Production of protein is often accompanied with difficulties due to the large amounts of different biological material resulting from fermentation. This makes purification necessary and affinity chromatography is usually involved as being biospecific, although suffering from limitations as low recovery due to ineffective elution and inability to handle particulate materials. Displacement of lactat
The contribution of forest harvesting to base cation losses and soil acidification has increased in recent years in Sweden, as the demand for bioenergy has increased and the sulphur deposition has decreased. Thus, new policy tools are required to evaluate the progress of the recovery from acidification, and as a basis for forest management recommendations. In this study we introduce and test a con
The integrated dynamic ecosystem models SAFE and ForSAFEVEG were used to estimate critical loads for nitrogen using different chemical and biological criteria, and attempting to account for possible effects of climate change. The study is based on a model application on a set of 640 sites earlier used for critical loads assessments in Sweden, focusing on the ecological effect of nitrogen pollution
Rainfall and temperature are important climatic inputs for agricultural production, especially in the context of climate change. However, accurate analysis and simulation of the joint distribution of rainfall and temperature are difficult due to possible interdependence between them. As one possible approach to this problem, five families of copula models are employed to model the interdependence
