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There are two matters, which have important impacts on development of the international intellectual property rights (IPRs). The first is the significant economic importance of the IPRs and its large share in international trade and the second is the protection of IPRs especially in developing and importing countries. More than two thirds of the WTO members are developing countries (DCs) and they
Anti-monopoly laws play an important role to protect the market economy and maintain healthy environment for competition. After China joined WTO, the anti-monopoly problems are becoming more and more obvious. Anti-monopoly rules are needed urgently. It is inspiring that finally the Draft Anti-monopoly Law was passed preliminarily by the State Council in June 2006 after a more than ten years' g
The purpose of this work was to scrutinize and investigate how collective marks can help protect works of Guatemalan artisans' small businesses in the local and international market by promoting them as an organization-association or cooperative. The first chapter contains the introduction of this paper. It is composed by the background of the work, the objective, delimitations, method and out
Minorities are the part of a population that suffer most from conflict and are most likely to become victims of crimes under international law. This is acknowledged by one of the fundamental principles of minority rights law, namely the contribution to peace and stability. Furthermore, the major international legal instruments governing the rights of minorities relate to this objective, by setting
The need for a corporate plan against infringing counterfeit products on your trademark is essential in today’s business climate. This research aims towards filling the current gap of existing literature from a business perspective. Results indicated that businesses need to take a pro-active stand against counterfeits to succeed. If corporations take a passive stand, counterfeits will affect the b
The purpose is to investigate whether the correlation between equity returns and changes in CDS spreads is stronger for sub-investment grade companies than for investment grade companies in the European iTraxx indices.
Enligt en rapport från FNs globala utvecklings-program, UNDP, är Sverige 2011 världsledande inom jämställdhet. Trots det har vi olika möjlighetsstrukturer beroende på kön. Normer och föreställningar till följd av könstillhörigheter begränsar vårt handlingsutrymme. Dessa normer medför könsstrukturer i form av över- och underordning. Ett kritiskt perspektiv bidrar till att blottlägga rådande maktstr
ILO 169 – Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention - is an international treaty that deals exclusively with the rights of indigenous peoples. Sweden is a country that normally commits to human rights and international treaties. However, it is still one of the countries that has not ratified ILO 169. By conducting a critical discourse analysis with a postcolonial approach, this study problematizes
Northern peatlands have accumulated carbon for thousands of years and currently hold around one third of all soil carbon on earth. Large uncertainties are associated with predictions of how northern peatlands will react to climate change. This is because the cold, wet and anaerobic conditions lead to two opposing forces from a radiative forcing perspective – CO2 sequestration from photosynthesis b
This thesis has examined the relationship between third-party countermeasures under the law of state responsibility and UN Security Council enforcement measures under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Third-party countermeasures are a concept that refers to the use of countermeasures by a state other than the injured state in response to breaches of obligations erga omnes or erga omnes partes, provid
Governance of environmental resources plays a key role in enhancing or hindering progress towards peace in post-conflict societies. Two years after the signing of the Peace Agreement between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the government of Colombia, new dynamics on natural resource and land-use are leading to environmental harm in some regions. Highlands and páramo (high-ele
I övergången mellan de triassiska och jurassiska perioderna, för ca 200 miljoner år sedan, inträffade ett massutdöende som bedöms ha koppling till vulkanism i den Centralatlantiska magmatiska provinsen (CAMP). En signifikant ökning av växthusgaser som koldioxid (CO2) eller metan (CH4) och andra flyktiga ämnen, med efterföljande global uppvärmning som följd, föreslås vara den viktigaste drivkrafterAround the Triassic-Jurassic-Boundary time interval, a severe mass extinction event occurred, which has been associated to volcanism of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Significant amounts of greenhouse gases as carbon dioxide (CO2) or methane (CH4) and other volatiles are suggested to have been released into the atmosphere, leading to global warming with subsequent impact on the bio
Merger control in Sweden and the EU has done a prominent job in adapting to the special competitive aspects of digital platforms. Merger investigations by the Swedish Competition Authority and the European Commission include an assessment of the significant impediment to effective competition (SIEC test). The test is described in article 4(1) of the Swedish Competition Act and articles 2(2) and 2(
The access to safe and clean drinking water is a major concern throughout the world. The recent discovery of coal and gas in Mozambique has increased the economic growth lately and large international companies have been attracted to Tete province in central Mozambique. Coal mining is widely recognized as one of the most hazardous forms of natural resource extraction for human health and the envir
Sustainability researchers are facing increasing pressure to improve their scientific communication and to achieve impacts in wider society with their research. Knowledge mobilisation (KMB) is a key component of both challenges, as it relates to efforts undertaken by researchers to achieve impacts with their research. This study seeks to identify some of the KMB practices being undertaken by exper
De Saxiska byarna i Transsylvanien karaktäriseras av sina befästa kyrkor och av en bystruktur som förblivit oförändrad sedan medeltiden. Idag finns sju av dessa hundratals byar listade på UNE-SCOs världsarvslista, men det finns ett stort värde i att arbeta för att bevara ännu fler. De utgör en viktig del av regionens kulturlandskap och identitet. Jag har själv en mycket stark personlig koppling ti
Den religiösa seden att omskära pojkar är mycket omdiskuterad. Den ena gruppen ställer sig bakom föräldrarnas rätt till religionsfrihet, den andra ställer sig bakom pojkars rätt till kroppslig autonomi och religionsfrihet, det vill säga rätten att inte bli omskuren. I denna uppsats kommer dessa intressen att beaktas ur ett EKMR-perspektiv. Europadomstolen har ännu inte prövat ett fall om pojkars rThe religious practice to circumcise boys is widely debated. One group is siding with the parental right to freedom of religion. The other is siding with boys’ right to bodily autonomy and freedom of religion, that is, not to be circumcised. In this thesis, these interests will be considered from the perspective of the ECHR. The ECtHR is yet to try a case regarding boys’ right or lack thereof not
