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Among the science challenges of the Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs),four object types are studied for performance with a 50 m ELT withadaptive optics (AO), Euro50. Emphasis is on planetary systems and verydistant objects. For planetary systems and their evolution, we examinehigh resolution imaging of the nuclei of comets and high-resolutionimaging, photometry and low and intermediate resolution
To resist infections, robust defense mechanisms of the airways are essential. Retinoic acid promotes differentiation and maintains the phenotypic characteristics of bronchial epithelium. In addition, it induces the expression of the antibacterial growth factor midkine (MK). In the present study, we explored the expression and antibacterial activity of MK in an airway context. MK was detected in br
InAs/HfO2 nanowire capacitors using capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements are investigated in the range of 10 kHz to 10 MHz. The capacitors are based on vertical nanowire arrays that are coated with an 8 nm-thick HfO2 layer by atomic layer deposition. CV characteristics are measured at temperatures in the range between -140 and 40 degrees C and the CV characteristics for nanowires with different S
The majority of women diagnosed with lymph node-negative breast cancer are unnecessarily treated with damaging chemotherapeutics following surgical resection. This highlights the importance of understanding and more accurately predicting patient prognosis. Here, we define the transcriptional networks regulating well-established prognostic gene expression signatures. We find that the same set of tr
Background Compared with placebo, prophylactic treatment with bisphosphonates reduces risk of skeletal events in patients with multiple myeloma. However, because of toxicity associated with long-term bisphosphonate treatment, establishing the lowest effective dose is important. This study compared the effect of two doses of pamidronate on health-related quality of life and skeletal morbidity in pa
The intestinal microbiota is important for tolerance induction through mucosal immunological responses. The composition of the gut microbiota of an infant is affected by environmental factors like diet, disease and antibiotic treatment. However, already in utero these environmental factors can affect the immunological development of the fetus and influence the future gut microbiota of the infant.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin H (SEH) belongs to the staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) family of superantigens (SAgs). SEH has structural similarities to other SE; however, its biological properties are less well characterized. SEH binds with high affinity to human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and exhibits strong mitogenic activity in human T cells, although it was found to be
Identification of antigens that elicit protective immunity is essential for effective vaccine development. We investigated the related surface proteins of group B Streptococcus, Rib and alpha, as potential vaccine candidates. Paradoxically, nonimmunodominant regions proved to be of particular interest as vaccine components. Mouse antibodies elicited by Rib and alpha were directed almost exclusivel
The neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex is essential for synaptic vesicle exocytosis, but its study has been limited by the neonatal lethality of murine SNARE knockouts. Here, we describe a viable mouse line carrying a mutation in the b-isoform of neuronal SNARE synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) The causative I67T missens
Human postural dynamics was investigated in twelve normal subjects by means of a force platform recording body sway induced by bipolar transmastoid galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerve and labyrinth. We modeled the stabilizing forces actuated by the feet as resulting from complex muscular activity subject to feedback of body velocity and position. Time series analysis demonstrated that a t
Infestation of skin by the parasitic itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei afflicts 300 million people worldwide and there is a need for novel and efficient therapies. We have previously identified a multigene family of serine proteases comprising multiple catalytically inactive members (scabies mite-inactivated protease paralogs (SMIPPs)), which are secreted into the gut of S. scabiei. SMIPPs are located i
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is encoded by the gene that when mutated causes the primary immunodeficiency disease X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Btk is a member of the Tec family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and plays a vital, but diverse, modulatory role in many cellular processes. Mutations affecting Btk block B-lymphocyte develop
Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are among the densest stellar systems in the Universe and are found at the centres of many spiral and elliptical galaxies, and up to 40 percent of dwarf galaxies. However, their formation mechanisms, and possible links to globular clusters (GCs), remain debated. This paper uses cosmological simulations of dwarf galaxies at a spatial resolution of pc to present a new fo
For full activation of naïve adaptive lymphocytes in skin-draining lymph nodes (LNs), presentation of peptide:MHC complexes by LN-resident and skin-derived dendritic cells (DCs) that encountered antigens (Ags) is an absolute prerequisite. To get to the nearest draining LN upon intradermal immunization, DCs need to migrate from the infection site to the afferent lymphatics, which can only be reache
Background Advances in medical and surgical care have improved survival in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), shifting focus toward quality of life (QoL). In this study we evaluate QoL in adults with TGA, including congenitally corrected TGA (ccTGA) and patients with dextro-TGA (d-TGA), by comparing patients with a systemic right ventricle (sRV) and systemic left ventricle (s
PurposeTürkiye ranks among the highest in antibiotic consumption within OECD countries and faces growing challenges from multidrug-resistant uropathogens. Nationwide, resistance-guided treatment data remain scarce. The main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive nationwide data on antibiotic resistance patterns among uropathogens to guide treatment options in urinary tract infections
Invariant natural killer T 1 (iNKT1) cells are prototypic interferon γ-producing, innate-like T lymphocytes that play crucial roles in protection against pathogen infection and cancer. In the thymus, where these cells develop, iNKT cells contribute to the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell tolerance. Although the transcriptional programs guiding iNKT cell specification are
OBJECTIVES: Physical activity has been shown to decrease inflammatory markers; here we investigate the effect on the clinical presentation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).METHODS: We used the cases from the population-based EIRA study (N=617), followed in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register, calculating the odds of having above median level of 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), physician
Objective: To review the literature on progress regarding (1) effectiveness of vaccines for prevention of otitis media (OM) and (2) development of vaccine antigens for OM bacterial and viral pathogens. Data Sources: PubMed database of the National Library of Science. Review Methods: We performed literature searches in PubMed for OM pathogens and candidate vaccine antigens, and we restricted the se
