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Background: In recent years, a discourse on how to systematically consider and report threats to validity started to gain momentum within the empirical software engineering community. Aims: With this study, we aim to systematically underpin the current state of threats to validity practices in software engineering research. Method: We conduct a literature review comprising 91 papers awarded with t
Background Frequent hemodialysis provided more than three times per week may lower mortality and improve health-related quality of life. Yet, the evidence is inconclusive. We evaluated the benefits and harms of frequent hemodialysis in people with kidney failure compared with standard hemodialysis. Methods We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials including adults on hemodia
The aim of the present European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations on the acute management of patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO). These guidelines were prepared following the Standard Operational Procedure of the ESO and according to the GRADE methodology. Although BAO accounts for only 1%–2% of all strokes, it has very poor natural outcome.
BACKGROUND Reusing anaesthesia infusion-set components may reduce the climate impact from plastic waste and discarded medications. Infusion-set contents can be shielded from patient contact by single use of an infusion line fitted with dual antireflux valves, preventing retrograde entry of microorganisms, and eliminating the risk for patient-to-patient cross-contamination. However, infusion-set co
This thesis concerns control of capacity-constrained networks. These systems involve many agents interconnected by a resource distribution network. The capacity to generate and distribute this resource is constrained. This applies, for instance, to power grids, communication networks, smart surveillance camera networks, and district heating networks. District heating networks in particular are the
Design thinking is an innovative methodology that may be applied by small and medium enterprises which emphasizes a human-centered approach to problem-solving, facilitating the creation of novel solutions for complex and open-ended challenges like the development of new products. Despite its recognized importance in business and academia, many industrial SMEs struggle with applying design thinking
In the rapidly advancing domain of autonomous vehicle technology, the management of intersection traffic emerges as a demanding challenge. This paper describes the development and implementation of a novel testbed designed for the investigation of an autonomous intersection management system (AIMS). The research primarily focuses on the complex coordination required among autonomous vehicles for e
High-dimensional problems have long been considered the Achilles' heel of Bayesian optimization. Spurred by the curse of dimensionality, a large collection of algorithms aim to make it more performant in this setting, commonly by imposing various simplifying assumptions on the objective. In this paper, we identify the degeneracies that make vanilla Bayesian optimization poorly suited to high-dimen
This study explores how traffic safety implementation at local level in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is characterised. By investigating interactions between traffic safety and other sustainability goals (synergies), as well as identifying contradictions between goals and conflicting interests (challenges), the study aims to pinpoint the main enablers for implementing traff
The physical layer foundations of cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) have been well-established. As a next step, researchers are investigating practical and energy-efficient network implementations. This paper focuses on multiple sets of access points (APs) where user equipments (UEs) are served in each set, termed a federation, without inter-federation interference. The combination of federations
Background: The TrialNet Oral Insulin (OI) prevention trial showed no overall treatment effect, using the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes as an endpoint. A significant delay in onset was only found in a high-risk stratum (termed secondary stratum 1) of participants with low first-phase insulin release (FPIR).Methods: Since trials with an endpoint of type 1 diabetes take years to complete, in this pos
This paper gives a global solution to an H-infinity control problem for systems with symmetric state matrix and state-dependent input matrix. A simple, closed-form expression for the minimizing controller is obtained. This is in contrast to already established theory in which nonlinear H-infinity problems are solved locally. The result is then illustrated through an example, and the potential for
Recognising the increasing complexities posed by climate challenges to urban environments, it is crucial to develop holistic capabilities for urban areas to effectively respond to climate-related risks, forming the backbone of sustainable urban planning strategies and demanding a comprehensive understanding of urban climate justice. It requires a thorough examination of how climate change exacerba
The operational management of offshore wind farms includes inspection and maintenance (I&M) of the wind turbine support structures. These activities are complex and influenced by numerous uncertain factors that affect their costs. The uncertainty in the I&M costs should be considered in decision value analyses performed to optimize I&M strategies for the turbine support structures. In
Urban environments are exposed to a substantial range of anthropic pressures, including chemical exposure. While trace metals and legacy pollutants have been well documented, the extent of wildlife exposure to emerging contaminants has received little attention, in terrestrial mammals. Concentrations of trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and 48 organic pollutants (Polyc
This study applies a spatial multi-criteria analysis to assess ground suitability for pier-supported viaduct railways using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). By integrating expert judgments, the analysis evaluates six key geotechnical categories—soil type, soil depth, rock type, slope, wetness index, and groundwater occurrence—to map ground suitability. Three weight normalisation methods wer
A well-balanced exploration-exploitation trade-off is crucial for successful acquisition functions in Bayesian optimization. However, there is a lack of quantitative measures for exploration, making it difficult to analyze and compare different acquisition functions. This work introduces two novel approaches - observation traveling salesman distance and observation entropy - to quantify the explor
Bayesian optimization (BO ) is an effective method for optimizing expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions. While high-dimensional problems can be particularly challenging, due to the multitude of parameter choices and the potentially high number of data points required to fit the model, this limitation can be addressed if the problem satisfies simplifying assumptions. Axis-aligned subspace appro
Taboo obsessions are ego-dystonic, recurrent, and intrusive thoughts involving aggressive, sexual and/or religious themes, which are common in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These symptoms are often challenging to treat with traditional, exposure-based approaches. Our research group has developed and successfully piloted an Internet-delivered intervention based on the cognit
Casein micelles are key structures in milk, influencing stability, nutritional properties, and functionality. Their hierarchical architecture, which is dynamic and responsive to environmental conditions, plays a crucial role in dairy processing. Understanding the structural and dynamic properties of casein micelles is essential for optimizing dairy products and processing techniques. This study pr
