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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have generated considerable interest in glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP; gene name GCKR) which is an inhibitor of hepatic glucokinase (GCK), an enzyme that plays a critical role in glucose update and disposal in liver. From the initial discovery of GCKR variants associated with triglyceride and glucose levels through the identification of pleiotropic ass

Did economic and political inequality hamper the spread of mass schooling in the 19th century? This paper analyzes the link between investments in primary schooling and the spread of voting rights in 19th-century Sweden using newly collected data on educational expenditure and the distribution of voting rights in local governments. We find that municipalities governed by local elites spent substan

Objectives: To describe the housing situation and aspects of participation among older adults living with long-standing spinal cord injury (SCI) with attention to SCI severity, and to examine whether and how objective housing accessibility (based on objectively measurable criteria) is associated with aspects of participation. Design: Cross-sectional study utilizing the assessment tools Impact on P

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are thought to be pathogenic in ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) by stimulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to degranulate and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to investigate if PMNs from AAV patients are more readily stimulated by ANCA compared with PMNs from healthy controls (HCs). Differences in ANCA character

Cryptochromes have been suggested to be the primary magnetoreceptor molecules underlying light-dependent magnetic compass detection in migratory birds. Here we review and evaluate (i) what is known about these candidate magnetoreceptor molecules, (ii) what characteristics cryptochrome molecules must fulfil to possibly underlie light-dependent, radical pair based magnetoreception, (iii) what eviden

English ergative verbs in one-participant constructions such as ‘The door opens’ often correspond to reflexive verbs or -S forms in Norwegian and Swedish. Following Kemmer (1993) such constructions profile spontaneous event meaning and belong to the middle domain. This study uses corpus methodology to explore spontaneous-event marking in Norwegian and Swedish from the point of view of Kemmer’s sug

We wanted to investigate if plasma levels of antimicrobial polypeptides (AMPs) are increased in severe sepsis and if they correlate with severity and mortality. Samples were collected from 31 sepsis patients at the intensive care unit. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and 90-day mortality were registered, and inflammatory markers and AMP levels were measured by ELISA. A median

Atherosclerosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, with both the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to many endogenous and exogenous antigens. Both proatherogenic as well as atheroprotective roles have been identified for the immune system in atherosclerosis. Hence, it is conceivable that an immunomodulatory strategy via active immunization against many of

Protein is a soft material with inherently large structural disorder. Consequently, the bulk spectroscopies of photosynthetic pigment protein complexes provide averaged information where many details are lost. Here we report spectroscopy of single light-harvesting complexes where fluorescence excitation and detection polarizations are both independently rotated. Two samples of peripheral antenna (

Cancer in children and adolescents is rare and biologically very different from cancer in adults. It accounts for 1.4% of all cancers worldwide, although this proportion ranges from 0.5% in Europe to 4.8% in Africa, largely because of differences in age composition and life expectancy. In high-income countries, survival from childhood cancer has reached 80% through a continuous focus on the integr

A combined quantum mechanical-statistical mechanical method has been used to study the behavior of the hydroxyl ion in water. The system is divided into three parts, a quantum core (the ion), 89 classical water molecules, and a dielectric continuum. The water molecules are represented using a polarizable potential. The first solvation shell consists of four water molecules, two linked by hydrogen

Infrared spectra from 25 to 4000 cm(-1) have been recorded of water (H2O, D2O and (H2O)-O-18) matrix isolated in neon, argon, and krypton matrices. Intermolecular absorption bands of different isotopologues of the water trimer and tetramer have been assigned from concentration dependencies and diffusion behavior, using the well-known mid-infrared trimer and tetramer absorption bands as measures of

The hydrophobic interaction between two methane molecules in salt-free and high salt-containing aqueous solutions and the structure in such solutions have been investigated using an atomistic model solved by Monte Carlo simulations. Monovalent salt representing NaCl and divalent salt with the same nonelectrostatic properties as the monovalent salt have been used to examine the influence of the val

On St. Bridget's confessor and the editor-in-chief of her works

A mixed amphiphilic system composed of the anionic surfactant Aerosol OT (AOT), in water forming a lamellar phase, to which is added a neutral noninteracting polymer, poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide), is studied experimentally by SAXS, H-2 NMR, and microscopy, in a range of surfactant and polymer compositions. Addition of the polymer produces a decrease in the lamellar spacing, the decrease by the pol

Numerous polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have been developed and used increasingly to screen vertebrate blood samples for the diagnosis of haemosporidian blood parasites (Sporozoa, Haemosporida), but a rigorous evaluation of the sensitivity of these methods for detecting mixed infections of different haemosporidian species belonging to the same and different genera and subgenera is l