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The combined quantum mechanical (QM) and molecular mechanical (MM) approach (QM/MM) is a popular method to study reactions in biochemical macromolecules. Even if the general procedure of using QM for a small, but interesting part of the system and MM for the rest is common to all approaches, the details of the implementations vary extensively, especially the treatment of the interface between the

This paper is concerned with the role the current Bolivian government has played in the industrialization of the country’s poultry sector. In-depth ethnographic fieldwork carried out by the author provides data that allows connecting the spheres of production, distribution, and consumption of industrial chicken meat. In the realm of production, recently, large industries are taking over the market

Rapid economic growth, urbanization and increasing population have caused (materially intensive) resource consumption to increase, and consequently the release of large amounts of waste to the environment. From a global perspective, current waste and resource management lacks a holistic approach covering the whole chain of product design, raw material extraction, production, consumption, recycling

During recent decades, consumption-oriented spaces of comfort and hospitality have proliferated - including, for instance, lounge shopping malls, food court plazas, spas, entertainment retail, visitor centres, and the development of ever larger pedestrian precincts. In this article we explore shopping malls as capitalist domes in Sloterdijk's sense. We observe atmospheric production, atmosp

A large literature emphasizes that elite capture of political institutions hampered the spread of mass schooling in the nineteenth and twentieth century. We collect new data on investments in elementary education and the distribution of voting rights for more than 2,000 local governments in nineteenth‐century Sweden and document that educational expenditure was higher where the distribution of pol

The R+-F+-Consistency problem takes as input two sets R+ and R- of resolved triplets and two sets F+ and F- of fan triplets, and asks for a distinctly leaf-labeled tree that contains all elements in R+ ⊂ F+ and no elements in R- ⊂ F- as embedded subtrees, if such a tree exists. This article presents a detailed characterization of how the computational complexity of the problem changes under variou

Gemmell and Naor proposed a new protocol for the authentication of long messages which was based on block codes and which used a transmission channel k times. This multiround authentication makes it possible to limit the key size independently of the message length. We propose a new attack and show that the probability analysis made by Gemmell and Naor, which was only based on the minimum distance

Fishing access agreements have been widely criticized but there is little quantitative evidence of their effects on the economies of developing countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of the European Union’s fishing access agreements on 15 African countries’ fish exports to the OECD. More specifically, we investigate the effects on the extensive and intensive margins of tr

A great deal of literature has analyzed the relationship between warfare and state capacity in late-modern and contemporary times. While there is a consensus regarding the significant impact of mass warfare on fiscal expansion during the twentieth century, the interplay between warfare and fiscal capacity in the nineteenth century remains disputed. This paper sheds light on this issue by making us

This article discusses social positions of Swedish female converts to Islam who have previously passed as white majority Swedes, but whose experiences have changed, sometimes radically, since donning the hijab. It addresses their accounts of being treated and evaluated differently by teachers, co-workers, family, and friends, and having their choices questioned by strangers. It also examines the d

Fossil fuel subsidies strain public budgets, and contribute to climate change and local air pollution. Despite widespread agreement among experts about the benefits of reforming fossil fuel subsidies, repeated international commitments to eliminate them, and valiant efforts by some countries to reform them, they continue to persist. This book helps explain this conundrum, by exploring the politics

Carbohydrate foods differ considerably in their effects on postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Qualitative differences among starchy foods are particularly intriguing because of the dominance of starch in human diets. This paper focuses on food properties in cereal (eg, pasta, bread, Arepas, and porridge) and legume products (eg, red kidney beans and lentils) that affect metabolic response

This paper examines the determinants of hip fracture costs and further evaluates potential savings in costs when the occurrence of hip fracture is prevented. The costs of hip fracture are comprised of direct costs from health care and the social welfare system. Data were collected for 1,080 postmenopausal women admitted from private residence for primary hip fracture surgery during the year of 199