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This chapter provides a physical background to the following ones. It describes the particle and wave properties of light, and the diffraction, polarization, refraction, reflection, and absorption of light, statistics of photon emission and absorption. Planck's law of heat radiation is described in various mathematical and graphical ways. One section is devoted to a simplified description of the p

Based on high-resolution spectra obtained with the MIKE spectrograph on the Magellan telescopes we present detailed elemental abundances for 64 red giant stars in the inner and outer Galactic disk. For the inner disk sample (4-7 kpc from the Galactic centre) we find that stars with both thin and thick disk abundance patterns are present while for Galactocentric distances beyond 10 kpc, we only fin

The topic of this thesis is modeling and control of the last part of the paper machine - the drying section. Paper is dried by letting it pass through a series of steam heated cylinders and the evaporation is thus powered by the latent heat of vaporization of the steam. The moisture in the paper is controlled by adjusting the set point of the steam pressure controllers. There exist several commer

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the role of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on micturition. CRF is involved in the endocrine and central nervous system responses to stress and is also expressed in sites responsible for the control of micturition. In this investigation, cystometric experiments were performed in awake and unrestrained Wistar rats and on Spontaneous Hypertensiv

The structural basis for the biological specificity of human cystatin C has been investigated. Cystatin C and other inhibitors belonging to family 2 of the cystatin superfamily interact reversibly with target peptidases, seemingly by independent affinity contributions from a wedge-shaped binding region built from two loop-forming inhibitor segments and a binding region corresponding to the N-termi

In this work, we describe the application of a sorption calorimeter to study the binary system n-octyl beta-D-glucoside/water at 25, 40, and 60 degreesC. At 25 degreesC we also carried out experiments with heavy water which showed similar results to those with normal water. The method used allows one to simultaneously obtain information about the activity of water and the enthalpy of mixing in bin

Viral vector-mediated gene transfer has emerged as a powerful means to target transgene expression in the central nervous system. Here we characterized the efficacy of serotypes 1 and 5 recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) after stereotaxic delivery to the neonatal rat and minipig striatum. The efficiency of GFP expression and the phenotype of

Streptococcus pyogenes is a common human pathogen causing mild infections such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis, but is also the cause of life-threatening conditions. To be able to infect the human host, S. pyogenes express different virulence factors. The surface-expressed M protein is a major virulence factor of S. pyogenes, mediating resistance to killing by human neutrophils. Results presented i

Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen frequently colonizing the throat and skin of humans. To facilitate colonization and spread and to avoid the host immune defence, streptococci are endowed with a variety of virulence factors, two of which are investigated in this thesis namely streptolysin O (SLO) and M protein. SLO is a secreted cytolysin that forms pores in eukaryotic membran

Justice is an underlying principle and an important lens in understanding sustainable development goals (SDG). There is a need for analysis and clarification on the underlying principles of justice embedded in the SDGs. Goals such as no poverty (goal 1), zero hunger (goal 2), health and well-being (goal 3), gender equality (goal 5), affordable energy (goal 7), reduced inequalities (goal 10) as wel

Statistical emulation allows combining advantageous features of statistical and process-based crop models for understanding the effects of future climate changes on crop yields. We describe here the development of emulators for nine process-based crop models and five crops using output from the Global Gridded Model Intercomparison Project (GGCMI) Phase 2. The GGCMI Phase 2 experiment is designed w