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This dissertation argues that lower-level military leaders, commanding between a dozen and a few hundred troops, can have a major political and strategic impact. Furthermore, it is argued that the decisions made by these lower-level military leaders are shaped by subcultures, in particular under conditions of stress and uncertainty. The concept of tactical-level subcultures is defined, drawing on

This chapter analyses relations and interactions among civil society organisations active at the European Union level in the prostitution policy area, which is characterised by opposite frames regarding prostitution as work, sex or violence. The study draws on the theoretical perspective of Strategic Action Fields, focuses on the International Committee on the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe (ICRS

A current focus of ecosystem services (ES) implementation is on the municipal level of government where international and national legislation and policies have to be translated into practice. Given this focus, an understanding of perceptions within municipalities of the ES concept is crucial to support the implementation process. Against this background, this paper examines the perceptions of Swe

The aim of the paper is to assess heterogeneity of the innovation process. Using exploratory factor analysis on micro data from the third Community Innovation Survey in 13 countries, we identify four patterns that can be interpreted as research, user, external, and production ingredients of innovation. All too often it is assumed that how firm innovate can be represented by differences across sect

The paper provides an interpretative framework and structured empirical evidence of the processes leading to the emergence of a light and slow growth economy in advanced countries. The interpretative framework rests upon the grafting of a) the Schumpeterian hypothesis about the role of creative reaction as the main determinant of the rate of technological change b) in a dynamic version of the Heck

This paper considers university-industry relations, identifying the heterogeneity of academic knowledge with respect to economic growth and analysing its implication for the working of the academic mode of knowledge governance. It provides unique historical evidence on the differentiated effects of academic spillovers, using professorial chairs distinguished by disciplinary field, as a proxy, for

Big data usage is an often-hyped phenomenon within industry and academia. The automotive industry commonly employs BI technology to improve the quality of their decision-making. However, recent developments within the automotive industry such as the connected car and advanced manufacturing make big data usage increasingly important. Since the adoption of new technologies in organizations turns out

The terrorist group Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has in the recent year received much attention in the media for using sexual violence against women and girls in Iraq. This thesis investigates why sexual violence in wartime occurs by analysing the reasons for why ISIL uses sexual violence against women and girls in Iraq. Three theories are tested on the case of ISIL: the first is re

The venture capital industry is seen to be favourable for an economy’s business dynamics. Using a panel of 23 countries over 2004 – 2012, the thesis explores the linkage of venture capital with firm births, employment in newly born firms and survival rates. The aggregate approach allows considering the implicit multiplier effect of VC. The thesis proposes a reconsideration of venture capital for e

The current research addressed the daily reality of Roma women from multiple perspectives. The paper gradually revealed the sociological challenges that the individuals must face and the way the state undertook the responsibility to intervene by means of law and policies in relation to the human rights system. The findings were based on relevant legal and policy documents, multidisciplinary litera

This thesis attempts to clarify the impact of cultural differences on customer expectations of service level. Furthermore, we want to determine whether or not expectations of service differ enough to be quantifiable between two countries, Sweden and the US, mostly regarded as similar in business practices. The conclusion showed that higher ratings on four of Hofstede’s five cultural indexes were a

This essay explores the possible influence from WTO law into Community law in the area of State aid. In order to do so one needs to examine questions relating to material law as well as EC enforcement and procedure. Special attention is paid to State aid as regulated in Article 87.1 ECT. When an EC Member State thinks that another Member State is violating Article 87 ECT by administering illegal a

Addressing key environmental concerns during humanitarian assistance is critical to prevent additional hazards, reduce risks, and to not further increase the vulnerability of disaster-affected populations. However, the environment remains an underappreciated cross-cutting issue within the humanitarian sector and efforts to systematically integrate environmental concerns into humanitarian assistanc