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To mitigate climate change and reach Sweden’s goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2045, or at an earlier stage of 2030 for 23 Swedish cities, urgent action is required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Due to the building sector’s significant contribution to carbon emissions, a crucial aspect in achieving these goals is improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings, as most of these will
The MAX IV synchrotron radiation facility in Lund is designed to produce bright and high-energy X-ray radiation. One important component of achieving this is to keep the electron beam inside the storage rings centered and stable. The aim of this thesis was to develop an MPC (Model Predictive Control) that can accomplish this task more robustly than the currently commissioned I-controller. A contro
Reinforcement learning is one of the three main paradigms in machine learning, which is increasingly used as a method to approach scientific problems. In this thesis, we introduce and use reinforcement learning to find the optimal parameters of a numerical solver. We first motivate that solving the linear systems can be done by solving initial value problems. These initial values problems can the
Spectroscopy serves as a vital tool in both scientific research and industrial applications. In spectral analysis, baseline correction is important in order to be able to efficiently extract essential features. Several algorithms for baseline correction have been developed, including Asls (Asymmetric Least Squares algorithm), arPLS (Asymmetrically Reweighted Penalized Least Squares algorithm), air
Societal resilience is fundamental for navigating sustainable development while being seriously challenged by misinformation and disinformation in the post-truth era. The thesis’ purpose is to explore how AI-driven truth technologies can be developed and utilised to mitigate mis- and disinformation. Three research questions are answered to illustrate the potential of truth technologies by (1) clar
Wrist fractures are a prevalent injury in Sweden. While most patients recover within a year, approximately 5000 patients a year experience significant long-term pain and impaired wrist function. Current rehabilitation methods lack the capacity to objectively measure post-fracture wrist function. Proprioception, the awareness of the body in space, is crucial for wrist function but remains challengi
Sweden and Europe aim to be carbon neutral by 2045 and 2050 respectively. Upgrading the existing building stock has been identified as having great potential in assisting to realise these goals. This aged, energy inefficient building stock is poised for renovation towards carbon neutrality, and the investigation of the cost-effectiveness and possibilities for these were the main aim of this study.
The European Spallation Source (sv: Europeiska Spallationskällan) kommer att bli den mest kraftfulla spallationskällan i världen när den är i drift vid full kapacitet. Neutronerna som används av vetenskapsmän och ingenjörer är spallerade från ett roterande hjul av volfram, som blir bombarderat av accellererade protoner. Hjulet, även kallat målet, upplever värmeutveckling under spallationsprocessenThe European Spallation Source (ESS) is going to be the worlds most powerful spallation source once in full operation. The neutrons used by scientists and engineers are spallated from a rotating wheel of wolfram, being bombarded by accellerated protons. The wheel, also called the target, develops heat in the process, and is therefore cooled by a helium cooling system. The target primary cooling sy
The building industry, like many others, are currently experiencing the effects of the digitalization, and the increased spread of smart buildings is a result of this. Much research has been done on smart buildings and their predecessors intelligent buildings, but there is limited research available on how entrance systems should be designed for smart buildings, especially regarding their connecte
With the increasing portfolio of options when looking for new mobile apps and web tools their is a need to excel. One of the possible solutions is to capture and hold on to the users by introducing gamification that motivates the user and gives them the opportunity to feel more engaged with a product. This master thesis examines a possible gamification design for the software solution KLAR. KLAR c
The observed imbalance of matter and antimatter in the universe cannot be fully explained by the Standard Model of particle physics. One proposed mechanism to account for this discrepancy is the violation of baryon number B, a process that has yet to be experimentally observed. The HIBEAM/NNBAR project, a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source, aims to find evidence of bar
Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, represent a significant global health issue. Symptoms are commonly treated through inhalation therapy, enabling the delivery of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) directly to the lungs. Pulmonary drug delivery offers several advantages, including reduced risk of systemic side effects and a minimally invasive route of administration. Dry-powder
In paediatric hospital wards, parents or caregivers who are physically capable are already present with their child when a fire emergency occurs. Yet existing approaches to hospital evacuation have either overlooked their potential role or treated them as additional occupants for staff to manage. If these caregivers could evacuate independently with their child, staff could direct their efforts to
The REvolutionary Approaches and Devices for Nucleic Acid analysis (READNA) project received funding from the European Commission for 4 1/2 years. The objectives of the project revolved around technological developments in nucleic acid analysis. The project partners have discovered, created and developed a huge body of insights into nucleic acid analysis, ranging from improvements and implementati
Arctic sea ice decline has led to an amplification of surface warming and is projected to continue to decline from anthropogenic forcing, although the exact timing of ice-free summers is uncertain owing to large natural variability. Sea ice reductions affect surface heating patterns and the atmospheric pressure distribution, which may alter midlatitude extreme weather patterns. Increased light pen
We consider a splitting-based approximation of the abstract differential Riccati equation in the setting of Hilbert--Schmidt operators. The Riccati equation arises in many different areas and is important within the field of optimal control. In this paper we conduct a temporal error analysis and prove that the splitting method converges with the same order as the implicit Euler scheme, under the s
In this second issue on the scholar and public intellectual Yu Jianrong, we address some of the topics that have been at the core of his academic work and where his research and views have helped shaped awareness of these issues among the general public and the academic community. We focus on the rural-urban divide, land issues (including land confiscations and property demolitions), the letters a
I911-SAXS is the new SAXS (Small-Angle-X-ray-Scattering) beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden. It is one of the 5 stations of the hard X-ray Cassiopeia beamline (I911) at the 1.5 GeV ring MAX II. I911-4 was converted into a multipurpose SAXS station which opened to the scientific community in May 2011. The SAXS users community at this laboratory comes from diverse fields of research w
Mesenchymal stem cells have shown regenerative properties in many tissues. This feature had originally been ascribed to their multipotency and thus their ability to differentiate into tissue-specific cells. However, many researchers consider the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells the most important player in the observed reparative effects of these cells. In this review, we specifically focus on
Conventional treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) (Churg-Strauss) with glucocorticoids, with or without additional immunosuppressive drugs, is limited by partial efficacy, frequent toxicity and a high relapse rate. Rituximab is a licensed treatment for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis and is of potential benefit to patients with EGPA.
