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Methods for simple and fast detection and differentiation of bacterial species are required, for instance, in medicine, water quality monitoring, and the food industry. Here, we have developed a novel label array method for the counting and differentiation of bacterial species. This method is based on the nonspecific interactions of multiple unstable lanthanide chelates and selected chemicals with
Simple roles for photoreception are likely to have preceded more demanding ones such as vision. The driving force behind this evolution is the improvement and elaboration of animal behaviors using photoreceptor input. Because the basic role for all senses aimed at the external world is to guide behavior, we argue here that understanding this "behavioral drive" is essential for unraveling the evolu
A numerical formulation is provided for secondary ice production during fragmentation of freezing raindrops or drizzle. This is obtained by pooling laboratory observations from published studies and considering the physics of collisions. There are two modes of the scheme: fragmentation during spherical drop freezing (mode 1) and during collisions of supercooled raindrops with more massive ice (mod
Objective: To evaluate the effect of dosage on the metabolic response to vegetables added to a mixed lunch meal, and to relate the amounts to the tripartite plate model. Carrots were chosen as an example, and the carrots were blanched, frozen and boiled to include possible effects of processing and cooking. The effects of carrots steeped in lactic acid, as produced at fermentation, were also studi
Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, but whether there is also a link between pre-diabetes and cognitive dysfunction is not yet fully established. The aim of this observational study was to investigate associations between pre-diabetes/diabetes and cognitive test results, and also between glucose levels measured during the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and cognitive
Evacuation is an important activity for reducing the number of casualties and amount of damage in disaster management. Evacuation planning is tackled as a spatial optimization problem. The decision-making process for evacuation involves high uncertainty, conflicting objectives, and spatial constraints. This study presents a Multi-Objective A
A classical solution for matching two image patches is to use the cross-correlation coefficient. This works well if there is a lot of structure within the patches, but not so well if the patches are close to uniform. This means that some patches are matched with more confidence than others. By estimating this uncertainty more weight can be put on the confident matches than those that are more unce
The luminescence from single quantum dots has been studied. Single dot photoluminescence was studied under continuous as well as under pulsed excitation. Time-resolved studies revealed fast relaxations in quantum dots. The time resolved measurements were fitted with a set of rate equations. Blinking in the luminescence was observed on a few quantum dots. The polarization of the emission from singl
Sexuality and cyst formation were studied in the marine dinoflagellate species Gymnodinium catenatum Graham, Gymnodinium nolleri Ellegaard ? Moestrup, Alexandrium catenella (Whedon et Kofoid) Balech, and Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge. The study included the morphological characterization of sexual stages and processes, the time and description of meiosis, the study of the length and regula
Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Hyaluronan (hyaluronsyra) är en högmolekylär polysackarid som förekommer i all biologisk vävnad i olika koncentrationer, med särskilt höga nivåer i bindväv. Den kan bildas av de flesta celltyper. På molekylär nivå föreligger den i form av ett nystan, har förmågan att binda stora mängder vatten, och har en uttalad pseudoplasticitet. HyaHyaluronan has been found in the eye in varying amounts and at different sites. It is involved in physiological and pathological processes, though many aspects of its bio-logi-cal functions are still unclear. We have studied the role of iris tissue in hyal-uro-nan production in the anterior segment of the eye, and its changes after trauma. After peripheral iridectomy or argon laser treatment, the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Papperstillverkning inkluderar flera processteg såsom flisning av träråvaran, massakokning och avvattning med vakuumlådor, pressning och torkning. Flera modeller av de mest viktiga processerna i torkpartiet presenteras i denna avhandling. Modellerna beskriver både statiska och dynamiska förlopp. Nya reglerstrategier som kan användas för både reglering vid stationär drifThe paper making process involves chopping of wood, cooking and forming, followed by dewatering in a vacuum section, press section and drying section. Several models for the most important parts of the paper machine drying section are presented in this thesis to describe phenomena at steady state and during state transitions. New control strategies applicable/useful for both steady-state control a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den här doktorsavhandlingen handlar om vad som händer när ljus lyser genom spridande material. Det viktigaste användningsområdet är inom medicin, men även tillämpningar inom atmosfärsmätningar berörs. Metoderna som är beskrivs är dessutom så generella att de kan användas för alla typer av spridande material, till exempel olika livsmedel, papper, plast, färg och rök. I eSpectroscopic analysis of scattering media is difficult because the effective path length of the light is non-trivial to predict when photons are scattered many times. The main area of research for such conditions is biological tissues, which scatter light because of variations of the refractive index on the cellular level. In order to analyze tissues to diagnose diseases, or predict doses during,
Femtosecond and nanosecond photolysis of CH2I2 in acetonitrile at an excitation wavelength of 266-nm yield the ground-state CH2I-I isomer product in similar to70% quantum yield. High isomer formation quantum yields (> 70%) were measured also in n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and ethanol using nanosecond photolysis. The CH2I-I product is formed biphasically within similar to15 ps after excita
Tidal marshes have recently been shown to be important biogenic Si recycling surfaces at the land-sea interface. The role of vegetation in this recycling process has not yet been quantified. In situ and ex situ decomposition experiments were conducted with Phragmites australis stems. In a freshwater tidal marsh, litterbags were incubated at different elevations and during both winter and summer. B
Migratory strategies of birds require complex orientation mechanisms, morphological adaptations, and life-history adjustments. From an evolutionary perspective, it is important to know how fast this complex combination of traits can evolve. We analyzed mitochondrial control-region DNA sequences in 241 blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) from 12 populations with different migratory behaviors. The sample
The future evolution of global ice sheets under anthropogenic greenhouse forcing and its impact on the climate system, including the regional climate of the ice sheets, are investigated with a comprehensive earth system model consisting of a coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model, a dynamic vegetation model and an ice sheet model. The simulated control climate is realistic enough to pe
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) drives many fundamental biogeochemical processes (e.g., carbon storage, nutrient cycling, and soil development) in forest soil. However, the molecular-level characteristics of DOM derived from different types of tropical forest soils are poorly understood. Here, water samples at different soil depths (0, 20, and 40 cm) from tropical legume (Acacia auriculiformis, AA)
As a classical polymer acceptor material, N2200 has received extensive attention and research in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the intrinsic properties of ground- and excited-states in N2200, which are critical for the application of N2200 in PSCs, remain poorly understood. In this work, the ground- and excited-state properties of N2200 solution and film were studied by steady-
Removal of the native surface oxide from steel is an important initial step during vacuum brazing. Trace and alloying elements in steel, such as Mn, Si, and Ni, can diffuse to the surface and influence the deoxidation process. The detailed surface chemical composition and grain morphology of the common stainless-steel grade 316L is imaged and spectroscopically analyzed at several stages of in-vacu
