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"Fright moulting" has been recorded in several orders of birds and interpreted as a way of escaping a predator when already caught. Two observations suggest that the behaviour may have another function, viz. when an aerial predator chases the prey. By shedding body feathers in the air the bird creates a cloud behind it; this might confuse the predator in the same way as the ink of octopuses confus
We performed supplemental feeding experiments during three breeding seasons of the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus L.) in order to establish the importance of food in reproductive timing. In particular, we addressed the question of why the response to supplemental food is restricted to 3—6 d in many bird species. Supplemental food advanced the start of egg—laying in all three breeding seasons. The mean
We approach the semantics of prepositions from the perspective of conceptual spaces. Focusing on purely spatial locative and directional prepositions, we analyze both types of prepositions in terms of polar coordinates instead of Cartesian coordinates. This makes it possible to demonstrate that the property of convexity holds quite generally in the domain of prepositions of location and direction,
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the irregular functioning of the immune system that leads to the loss of tolerance to self-antigens. The underlying nature of autoimmune diseases has led to speculation that the risk of malignancy might be higher or lower in patients with such diseases. However, the rarity and heterogeneity of both autoimmune diseases and malignancies is the main challenge
The presence of focal EEG abnormalities in juvenile absence syndrome (JAS) may cause it to be misdiagnosed as focal epilepsy. The purpose of our study was to determine the presence of focal EEG abnormalities in patients with JAS and to ascertain whether some clinical features or antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have an effect on focality. Serial EEGs of 52 consecutive patients with JAS were retrospectiv
As it is well known, one of the keys to improve traffic performance of two lane rural roads with high traffic volumes is to provide passing sections. However, providing a long segment in which the passing maneuver is allowed, is not always feasible, especially when suburban areas are considered. The retrofitting of some road sections by adding a passing relief lane can improve traffic performance
The composition and content of the gastric phospholipids were followed during development and healing of indometha-cin-induced chronic, antral ulcers in rats. The individual phospholipids were identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric analysis of phosphate. No changes were found in phospholipid composition and content after a 24-hour fast or during
The regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic neurons transplanted to the hippocampus or neocortex was studied by microdialysis in awake rats. Fetal basal forebrain tissue was implanted as a cell suspension or solid graft into the fimbria-fornix-lesioned hippocampus, or as a cell suspension into the frontal cortex after excitotoxic lesion of the nucleus basalis. Several months aft
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are neuronal survival molecules which utilize the Trk family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Using double-label in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that mRNAs for BDNF and its high-affinity receptor TrkB are coexpressed in hippocampal and cortical neurons. Also, a large number of neurons in these areas coexpress NGF and BDNF mR
Gastrointestinal (GI) problems constitute an important comorbidity in many patients with autism. Multiple mutations in the neuroligin family of synaptic adhesion molecules are implicated in autism, however whether they are expressed and impact GI function via changes in the enteric nervous system is unknown. We report the GI symptoms of two brothers with autism and an R451C mutation in Nlgn3 encod
The use of motor reactions including spinal motor mechanisms, such as tail-flick, hot plate test, and flexion reflexes, in research on pain and analgesia requires some precautions, and results should be interpreted with caution. Nocifensive specificity and analgesic selectivity cannot be established unequivocally by only comparing reflexes evoked by noxious stimuli with monosynaptic reflexes. Rath
The coherent generation of synchrotron radiation by an electron storage ring is predicted for wavelengths equal to or longer than the electron bunch length. With typical bunch lengths of approximately 1 cm, diffraction and chamber- screening effects have so-far blocked observation of coherent radiation from a conventional radiation beam line. In the low-energy, second-generation light source MAX-I
Introduction Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a subset of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical features and treatment responses. Rituximab is a licensed therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis but there is limited experience of rituximab in EGPA. Methods EGPA
This study employs a combined framework of Bourdieusian field analysis and Foucauldian discourse analysis to examine discourses and relations of power pertaining to personal branding authenticity. The central inquiry of this study is how male fitness bloggers on Instagram create and maintain their authenticity on different levels of popularity. The analysis shaped men’s online fitness blogging pra
