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A simple portfolio choice model shows that, when a bank's capital is constrained by regulation, regulatory cost (risk weightings) alters the risk and value calculations for the bank's assets. In particular, we find that banks may respond to stricter regulation by increasing the share of high-risk assets. Our empirical results show that US banks responded to the implementation of the stricter Basel

Arabidopsis thaliana NUDT1 (AtNUDT1) belongs to the Nudix family of proteins, which have a diverse range of substrates, including oxidized nucleotides such as 8-oxo-dGTP. The hydrolysis of oxidized dNTPs is highly important as it prevents their incorporation into DNA, thus preventing mutations and DNA damage. AtNUDT1 is the sole Nudix enzyme from A. thaliana shown to have activity against 8-oxo-dG

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP´s) are known biomarkers of atherosclerosis. MMP´s are also involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoking plays an important role in both disease states and is also known to affect the concentration and activity of MMP´s systemically. Unfortunately, the epidemiological data concerning

Endocrine disorders that lead to a state of chronic high blood glucose levels are collectively referred to as diabetes. This metabolic disease is mainly categorized into type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). These diabetic forms originate from distinct triggering environmental, genetic, and altered mechanisms. T2D is a consequence of metabolic load, peripheral insulin resistance, and failure of

This article explores middle managers in the professions from their position in the sandwiched middle. Based upon interviews with senior academics in management roles and their subordinates in UK business schools, we investigate this experienced middle through a metaphor that informs one particular subject position: to be an umbrella carrier. This position entails protecting subordinates from what

This article explores the process of the formalisation of the Swedish financial market, through an analysis of commercial bank lending in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The analysis shows that the incorporation of Swedish business around the turn of the century led to a shift from lending primarily backed by name security to an increased use of mortgage and shares as collateral -

The European Union has initiated a number of initiatives to improve resource efficiency in Europe. The Ecodesign Directive is one of the policy instruments that could aid the transition towards a more resource efficient economy. This paper examines the potential benefits and disadvantages in applying the Directive for this purpose, and reflects on the potential to apply certain types of standards.

This study investigates the impact of childhood health on labor market outcomes. We used type 1 diabetes as an instrument of health because its cause is multifactorial and it is triggered by a complex combination of genetic and environmental components; its incidence is low and unforeseeable for the individual; and its onset may be considered an exogenous health shock. Using data from the Swedish

At present, relatively little is known about the relationship between bank credit allocation and economic growth. It seems clear that the structural characteristics of the banking system are significant factors influencing long-run allocation of credit across real sectors of the economy as well as across financial institutions. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between chang

The goal of these studies has been to elucidate the biological relevance of post-translational modifications in the context of a living organism. The model system used is photoreceptor differentiation during development of the compound eye in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Important signal transduction pathways in this process consist of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) coupled to a mitoge

This paper studies the impact of railroads on town-level growth in Sweden over 150 years. Our analysis builds on the fact that railroads historically were extended quasi-randomly across towns. Towns that gained access to a rail connection grew larger relative to other towns, with large negative spillovers on unconnected nearby towns. Over the 20th century, we find little adjustment to the initial

Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodet består av olika typer av celler med olika funktioner. De röda blodkropparna transporterar syre till alla delar av kroppen, blodplättar stoppar blödningar och en rad olika vita blodkroppar försvarar oss från olika typer av angrepp från till exempel virus eller bakterier. Generellt för alla dessa olika typer av celler är att de är kortlivade och måste ersättas kontMature blood cells are crucial for life, but they have a short lifetime and thus have to be replaced. These mature blood cells are produced by lineage restricted progenitors, which themselves are generated by rare multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a highly dynamic process called hematopoiesis. In addition to the ability of HSCs to generate all blood cell lineages, they possess the uni

This chapter examines the role of economic factors in first marriage in seven locations in pre-industrial Europe and Asia using a two-generation theory, which also takes socioeconomic class into account. In these settings, the household provided a major welfare function for its members. Access to land was of considerable importance, but so was the prevalent family system – whether a married couple