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International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) are two different branches of International Public Law. While the IHL have a very long legal history, dating back many centuries, IHRL is of younger date having its big upswing in the decades after the Second World War. They have partially different scopes of application and different purposes, but they meet in their j
Röststörningar och halsirritation anses ofta bero på gastroesofageal refluxsjukdom (GERD). Emellertid är såväl röstsymtomen som fynden vid svalg- och larynxundersökningar oftast ospecifika hos patienter med misstänkt reflux. Dessutom baseras refluxdiagnosen hos flertalet patienter enbart på just forekorosten av röst- och halssymtom. Därfor är sambanden mellan GERD och röststörningar fortfarande in
Den teknologiska utvecklingen i samhället medför nya utmaningar i förhållande till mänskliga rättigheter. Individers beroende av internet och sociala medier utnyttjas i allt större utsträckning av aktörer som i hemlighet avser påverka den fria åsiktsbildningen. Statligt finansierad manipulation via digitala medier utgör ett särskilt oroande fenomen på grund av dess implikationer på åsiktsfrihet ocThe current digitalisation in society has brought new challenges to international human rights law. Actors aiming to covertly influence opinions are increasingly taking advantage of individuals’ dependence on the internet and social media. State-sponsored online manipulation constitutes a phenomenon of particular concern in light of its potential implications for the free forming of opinions and,
Actio popularis är en talerätt till förmån för någon annan i syfte att skydda ett kollektivt intresse. Principen actio popularis är internationellt kritiserad och är inte erkänd inom internationell rätt. Däremot finns andra verktyg utanför den internationella domstolsprocessen som skyddar kollektiva intressen. Denna uppsats avser att skildra hur actio popularis kan inverka på rätten att föra talanActio popularis is the right to make a judicial claim on behalf of others in protection of a public legal interest. Although actio popularis is criticised and not acknowledged in international law, other forms of protection for public legal interest has been acknowledged outside judicial proceedings. This thesis aims to depict how actio popularis could affect a State’s right to initiate a judicial
While the EU stipulates their motto to be ‘Unity in diversity’ claiming itself to be enriched by cultural and linguistic diversity, the discourse on Muslims is, however, more often than not, one of Muslims and Europe rather than European Muslims. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if and how this discourse is constructed and maintained by the Members of the European Parliament whil
Digitalization is an interesting and timely topic which is actively discussed nowadays. Big data & analytics, blockchain, artificial intelligence & robotic process automation are some of the most emerging technologies. This study aims to investigate the perceived benefits and challenges that these technologies bring, in the context of digitalization, to one of the most favorable profession
Measurements of the ZZ and WW final states in the mass range above the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] thresholds provide a unique opportunity to measure the off-shell coupling strength of the Higgs boson. This paper presents constraints on the off-shell Higgs boson event yields normalised to the Standard Model prediction (signal strength) in the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text
The objective of this study has been to analyze the introduction and development of mineral wool building insulation in Germany, Sweden and the UK, and to examine the policy instruments that support these processes. The aim has been to improve our understanding of the role of the policy instruments. The analysis focuses on the development of the policy framework, the development of technology, the
The increasing demand for solid biofuels, such as logging residue fuels, has highlighted the importance of considering that, in contrast to fossil fuels, biofuels are produced in dynamic ecosystems. The environmental effects of changes in management policy, whether positive and negative, are not obvious. For example, calculations of the carbon budget in single forest stands show that the carbon ba
This is a study of how two Swedish boys acquired verbs and verb related phenomena during their first 2;6 years of age. The study focus on the emergence of verb lexemes, personal pronouns, functional verbs, clauses of different types and clause subjects. The close relationship between pronouns and functional verbs in the beginning av the clause is studied in detail, and a certain type of more or le
This essay explains the relation between the return on a company’s stock and the implicit volatility in its call option on one hand and the impact new information has on these on the other hand. The purpose with this essay is to explain how the Swedish Share Market and Option Market react on new information in the context of quarterly reports and investigate if there is any abnormal return on the
There is a remarkable gap between the socio-economic living conditions of the urban aboriginal people compared to other urban residents in Canada. The purpose of this essay is to explain why this gap is intact by explaining how urban space is intimately connected with the search for a national identity. The Canadian national identity was originally based on the displacement of the aboriginal peopl
This thesis investigates what the abolishment of the National Military Service (July 2010) meant for the content of what, and the manner in which, the Swedish Armed Forces communicates to the Swedish public. The main theoretical and methodological approach of the thesis lies within discourse analysis. Additionally, theories of globalization and perception management (propaganda) are used to analyz
Since the 2000s, several healthcare reforms have been conducted within the healthcare system in Germany. These reforms aimed at decreasing healthcare costs by introducing market processes into public services, among other means. This paper examines the policy preferences and the discourse concerning the reforms of the two dominant parties in German politics, the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and t
Denna avhandling handlar om en uppsättning aktiviströrelser under de hårdaste restriktionerna i samband med Covid-19-pandemin i Sverige. Dessa grupper protesterade både online och offline mot införda restriktioner och vaccinationer och visade en kritisk inställning till rekommendationer och restriktioner, till exempel genom att samlas i stora folkmassor. Studien syftar till att presentera och probThis thesis deals with a set of organized activist movements during the harshest restrictions of the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. These groups protested both online and offline against imposed restrictions and vaccinations, displaying a critical attitude towards recommendations and restrictions such as by gathering in large crowds. The study aims to present and problematize the frameworks used by
