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Spray drying is a preferred method to produce dry powder of thermally sensitive materials such as food and pharmaceuticals. Drying conditions and formulation determine primary properties such as morphology and composition that finally provide functionality such as dissolution, encapsulation and flowability. Even though spray drying is a well-established method to produce dry powder numerous challe
OBJECTIVES: To report long-term survival and predictors of mortality in patients included in a large, contemporary, multicentre, multinational database: Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD), which consists of 8 centres in 4 Nordic countries. METHODS: Currently, NORCAAD includes 1159 patients operated between 2005 and 2014. In 30-day survivors (n = 955, 82%), the Kaplan-Me
Metalloenzymes are proteins that contain one or more metal ions bound to protein. They constitute about one-third of all enzymes known so far and they often perform hard chemical reactions involving small substrates, like H2 and N2. In our research, we focus on those metal ions that are located in the active sites and perform redox reactions, i.e. involving electron transfer. Why enzymes?Metalloenzymes catalyse a wide variety of reactions in nature. In the thesis, I have studied the reaction mechanism of three metalloenzymes, viz. [NiFe] hydrogenase (H2ase), dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), by theoretical methods, namely quantum mechanics (QM), combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics (QM/MM), as well as QM/MM thermodynamic cycle per
In a study with 108 10- to 12-year-olds who used a digital educational game targeting history, we addressed the phenomenon of perseverance, that is, the tendency to stick with a task even when it is challenging. The educational game was designed to make all students encounter tasks they did not succeed to solve, at which point they were offered a set of choices corresponding to perseverance and no
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is required for optimal gene activation and prevention of cell death upon activation of immune receptors, including TNFR1 1 . Deficiency in the LUBAC components SHARPIN or HOIP in mice results in severe inflammation in adulthood or embryonic lethality, respectively, owing to deregulation of TNFR1-mediated cell death 2-8 . In humans, deficiency in
Will developing countries benefit economically from strengthening their protection of intellectual property? They have been repeatedly urged to do so by developed nations. But so far there is little empirical experience of either quite successful or failed examples. What we could hear from the media seems that the international protection of IPRs is getting stricter and more codified, while the si
Despite the potentially strong effect of wind on bird orientation, our understanding of how wind drift affects migrating birds is still very limited. Using data from satellite-based radio telemetry, we analysed the effect of changing winds on the variation of the track direction of individual birds. We studied adults and juveniles of two raptor species, osprey Pandion haliaetus and honey buzzard P
Bacterial engagement of specific host tissue structures can be a means of targeting a pathogen to a particular niche, establishing persistent infections and inducing invasion. In this context, primary adhesion is often the first crucial colonization step allowing pathogens to withstand the mechanical clearing mechanisms of the host. As a consequence, bacteria have evolved adhesins with the capacit
There has been considerable scepticism in Europe over the reliability of Russia as a secure source of energy for the EU. Despite Russia and EU being economically interdependent with regard to energy and other trade, there is still concern over potential supply disruptions. What can be gathered from media and scholarly sources is that Russia is potentially an unreliable supplier yet it is currently
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exenatide (exendin-4) has potential protective capabilities against diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is upregulated during DKD progression by histone acetylation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a deacetylase and is decreased in DKD, which indicates
Digitalization, including recent and rapid advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), constitutes a technological shift on a scale comparable to the introduction of the steam engine or electricity. This shift has altered the way we organize work and business, how we interact socially and shop. But what are the implications for other parts of the economy? What are the consequences for t
Horizontal gene transfer by conjugative plasmids plays a critical role in the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Interactions between bacteria and other organisms can affect the persistence and spread of conjugative plasmids. Here we show that protozoan predation increased the persistence and spread of the antibiotic resistance plasmid RP4 in populations of the opportunist bacterial pathogen Serr
