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Uncertainty refers to any limitation in knowledge. Identifying and characterizing uncertainty in conclusions is important to ensure transparency and avoid over or under confidence in scientific assessments. Quantitative expressions of uncertainty are less ambiguous compared to uncertainty expressed qualitatively, or not at all. Subjective probability is an example of a quantitative expression of e
The ongoing wide-scale introduction of nonnative plants across the world may negatively influence native invertebrate fauna, due to a lack of coevolved traits related to the novel plants, e.g., unique phytochemicals or shifted phenology. Nonnative plants, specifically trees, are common in urban environments, areas that already pose novel habitats to plants and wildlife through a wide array of anth
Sustainability has become one of the key challenges in the fashion industry, which has been criticized for intense resource use, severe environmental impacts and wasteful business model. There have been a lot of new attempts and initiatives to promote sustainable fashion consumption. Collaborative consumption has been highlighted as one of the alternatives to conventional mass consumption. The ide
How do fungi navigate through the complex microscopic maze-like structures found in the soil? Fungal behaviour, especially at the hyphal scale, is largely unknown and challenging to study in natural habitats such as the opaque soil matrix. We monitored hyphal growth behaviour and strategies of seven Basidiomycete litter decomposing species in a micro-fabricated "Soil Chip" system that simulates pr
Organic carbon burial in lake sediments plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, and is heavily affected by the terrestrial organic matter input. However, few studies have focused on long-term changes in terrestrial organic matter input to lakes in response to land-use changes. The aim of this study was to assess variations in sedimentary terrestrial organic matter over the last 1000 ye
In Sweden, austerity politics and market reforms have resulted in a renegotiation of working conditions negatively impacting female-dominated public sector- and welfare state workers. A growing body of research locates the harshening conditions of nurses in a context of colliding logics between professions and professional authority, the specificities of interpersonal work, and public sector restrIn Sweden, austerity politics and market reforms have resulted in a renegotiation of working conditions negatively impacting female-dominated public sector- and welfare state workers. A growing body of research locates the harshening conditions of nurses in a context of colliding logics between professions and professional authority, the specificities of interpersonal work, and public sector restr
Purpose of the study – The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual framework and model for further research, of front-line logistic workers ́ perception of sharing their personal information at their work. Furthermore, the study aims to create a framework for how to study information disclosure programs potential impact on employee turnover when being implemented on intermediate parties, n
The end of the Cold War altered the international landscape. New insecurities, vast humanitarian crises, extended normative frameworks, and increased funding incited established and new international NGOs to expand their engagement in peace processes. In Nepal a failed democratization process during the 1990s regressed into a decade-long internal armed conflict. Today Nepal is undergoing a transit
Resource competition between wild pollinators and managed honeybees (Apis mellifera) has the potential to detrimentally impact insect biodiversity as well as wild plant and crop pollination. As honeybees are central place foragers, their competitive impact on wild bees is expected to be structured by hive proximity, in conjunction with foraging decisions related to landscape-level resource availab
Optionsavtal om överlåtelse av fast egendom är sedan lång tid tillbaka ogil-tiga i svensk rätt. Ett optionsavtal är ett avtal om framtida överlåtelse. Det finns inget direkt lagstöd som förbjuder sådana avtal för fastigheter, men HD har i en rad rättsfall etablerat en praxis där avtalen inte tillmäts giltighet. Annorlunda är det för optionsavtal för bostadsrätter. Trots liknande form-krav, och utaOption agreements on property purchases have for a long time been invalid in Swedish law. An option agreements is an agreement on a future purchase. There is no direct legal support that invalidates such contracts, but the swe-dish supreme court (HD) has established such a practice in a number of legal cases. It is however different for such agreements for condominiums. Despite similar form requir
This research paper focuses on historical, arithmetic equity market risk premium in emerging and frontier markets. Equity market risk premium, as we know it today, has been easily estimated in developed markets; whereas, emerging and frontier markets often require different approaches to determine an appropriate equity market risk premium. I make use of a variety of methods, including volatility a
Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur synen på en lämplig förälder och föräldrarnas kön framställs och påverkar vid vårdnadstvister samt hur det står i relation till principen om barnets bästa. Det har gjorts genom att analysera, undersöka och diskutera hur föräldrarna beskrivits av socialnämnder och i domar. I uppsatsen har en rättsdogmatisk och en diskursanalytisk metod använts. IThe purpose of this essay is to examine how the issue of a suitable parent and the sex of the parent is described and influences in custody battles and how this relates to the principle of what is best for the child. This has been done by analyzing, examining and discussing how the parents are described by social services and courts. In the essay a classic legal method and a discourse analysis hav
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether certain CEO- and firm characteristics have an impact on the extent of abnormal return on Swedish firms at the event of a CEO insider trade. Furthermore, the study aims to examine whether there is a difference depending on firm size and sector. Methodology: An event study has been performed based on the market model where the presence of
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether certain CEO- and firm characteristics have an impact on the extent of abnormal return on Swedish firms at the event of a CEO insider trade. Furthermore, the study aims to examine whether there is a difference depending on firm size and sector. Methodology: An event study has been performed based on the market model where the presence of
Background/introduction: E-commerce is becoming a natural part of retail business. In order to achieve a competitive edge, companies are shifting to omni channel retailing where channel integration is explored in the search for potential improvements in connection with customer offer and costs. One solution is to integrate inventories and offer improved order fulfilment by using both warehouse and
Site-specific land management practice taking into account variability in maize yield gaps (the difference between yields in the 90th percentiles and other yields on smallholder farmers’ fields) could improve resource use efficiency and enhance yields. However, the applicability of the practice is constrained by inability to identify patterns of resource utilization to target application of resour
Tjänstearbetare, bland annat kvinnodominerade yrkesgrupper i offentlig välfärdssektor, står för en ökande andel av arbetskonflikter i världen. Därmed blir studier av strejker i offentlig sektor allt mer relevanta för att vidareutveckla förståelser av strejk som maktmedel. En forskningslucka finns särskilt avseende kommunalarbetares arbetsinställelser. Med målsättningen att utforska villkoren för oThe tertiary sector accounts for a rising share of labour disputes, making studies of public sector strikes increasingly relevant to the understanding of labour market power relations. With the intention of exploring conditions for public sector labour struggles, this study aims to empirically examine the extensive 2003 wage strike carried out by the Swedish Municipal Workers’ Union [Kommunal]. It
Riverine colloids are important carriers of macronutrients, trace metals, and pollutants into marine waters. The aim of the current study was to extend the understanding of iron (Fe) and organic carbon (OC) colloids in boreal rivers and their fate at higher salinities. X-ray absorbance spectroscopy (XAS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were combined to explore Fe speciation and colloidal charac
Background: A European concerted action (the EuroNatal study) investigated differences in perinatal mortality between countries of Europe. This report describes the methods used in the EuroNatal international audit and discusses the validity of the results. Methods: Perinatal deaths between 1993 and 1998 in regions of ten European countries were identified. The categories of death chosen for the s
