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While each new generation of processors gets larger caches and more compute power, external memory bandwidth capabilities increase at a much lower pace. Additionally, processors are equipped with wide vector units that require low instruction level divergence to be efficiently utilized. In order to exploit these trends in ray tracing, we present an alternative to traditional depth-first ray traver
This contribution presents a novel offline dynamic multi-objective optimization framework for high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) processes in batch elution mode. The framework allows for optimization of general elution trajectories parametrized with piecewise constant control signals. It is based on a simultaneous method where both the control and state variables are fully discretized in
Cavitation is common in high-pressure homogenizers, and has severe negative effects such as noise and mechanical wear, but may also have a beneficial effect in promoting fragmentation. Greater knowledge concerning cavitation in the homogenizer valve is thus important in optimizing the design and utilization of emulsification equipment. The aim of this study was to locate the region of cavitation a
We propose a powerful hardware architecture for pixel shading, which enables flexible control of shading rates and automatic shading reuse between triangles in tessellated primitives. The main goal is efficient pixel shading for moderately to finely tessellated geometry, which is not handled well by current GPUs. Our method effectively decouples the cost of pixel shading from the geometric complex
This column examines the texture cache, an essential component of modern GPUs that plays an important role in achieving real-time performance when generating realistic images. GPUs have many components and the texture cache is only one of them. But it has a real impact on the performance of the GPU if rasterization and memory tiling are set up correctly.
Cylinder pressure sensors provide detailed information on the diesel engine combustion process. This paper presents a method to use cylinder-pressure data for prediction of engine emissions by exploiting data-mining techniques. The proposed method uses principal component analysis to reduce the dimension of the cylinder-pressure data, and a neural network to model the nonlinear relationship betwee
We propose a generalized approach to decoupling shading from visibility sampling in graphics pipelines, which we call decoupled sampling. Decoupled sampling enables stochastic supersampling of motion and defocus blur at reduced shading cost, as well as controllable or adaptive shading rates which trade off shading quality for performance. It can be thought of as a generalization of multisample ant
Escherichia coli TolA is a cytoplasmic membrane protein required for outer membrane integrity and the translocation of F-specific filamentous (Ff) bacteriophage DNA. Both phage infection and membrane integrity depend on several TolA interactions, e.g. those of the TolA C-terminal domain (TolAIII). Membrane integrity involves interaction with two host proteins and phage translocation requires direc
Background Acute pyelonephritis is a common infection in adult women, but there is a paucity of controlled trials of its treatment and the optimum duration of antibiotic treatment has not been properly defined. We compared the efficacy of ciprofloxacin for 7 days and 14 days in women with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis. Methods In a prospective, non-inferiority trial undertaken at 21 cent
Stereoscopic rendering and 3D stereo displays are quickly becoming mainstream. The natural extension is autostereoscopic multi-view displays, which by the use of parallax barriers or lenticular lenses, can accommodate many simultaneous viewers without the need for active or passive glasses. As these displays, for the foreseeable future, will support only a rather limited number of views, there is
Abstract in UndeterminedIn this article, we present a constraint programming approach for solving hard design problems present when automatically designing specialized processor extensions. Specifically, we discuss our approach for automatic selection and synthesis of processor extensions as well as efficient application compilation for these newly generated extensions. The discussed approach is i
In this paper, we derive compact representations of the depth function for a triangle undergoing motion or defocus blur. Unlike a static primitive, where the depth function is planar, the depth function is a rational function in time and the lens parameters. Furthermore, we show how these compact depth functions can be used to design an efficient depth buffer compressor/decompressor, which signifi
In this paper, we present a meshing scheme for the implementation of an adaptive tessellation of triangular meshes on the graphics processing unit (GPU). Tessellation is performed according to a local test to generate primitives dynamically. The refinement procedure does not require the pre-computation of any refinement pattern. The resulting adaptive procedure is efficient and simple, and generat
We present user-controllable and plausible defocus blur for a stochastic rasterizer. We modify circle of confusion coefficients per vertex to express more general defocus blur, and show how the method can be applied to limit the foreground blur, extend the in-focus range, simulate tilt-shift photography, and specify per-object defocus blur. Furthermore, with two simplifying assumptions, we show th
Given a stochastic shadow map rendered with motion blur, our goal is to render an image from the eye with motion-blurred shadows with as little noise as possible. We use a layered approach in the shadow map and reproject samples along the average motion vector, and then perform lookups in this representation. Our results include substantially improved shadow quality compared to previous work and a
This article provides 12-month prevalence rates of youth exposure to websites which encourage self-harm or suicide and examines whether such exposure is related to thoughts of self-harm and thoughts of suicide in the past 30 days. Data were collected via telephone from a nationally representative survey of 1560 Internet-using youth, ages 10-17 residing in the United States. One percent (95% CI: 0.
