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In a forested near-urban location in central Germany, the CCN efficiency of particles smaller than 100 nm decreases significantly during periods of new particle formation. This results in an increase of average activation diameters, ranging from 5 to 8% at supersaturations of 0.33% and 0.74%, respectively. At the same time, the organic mass fraction in the sub-100-nm size range increases from appr
Two main topics are considered in this thesis: Machining with industrial robot manipulators and optimal motion control of robots and vehicles. The motivation for research on the first subject is the need for flexible and accurate production processes employing industrial robots as their main component. The challenge to overcome here is to achieve high-accuracy machining solutions, in spite of the
Force sensing provides robots the capability to accomplish tasks where physical interaction with the environment is required, such as assembly. Small position uncertainties can then be corrected for by sensing the contact forces. This thesis considers the problem of force-controlled assembly, including how tasks can be specified in a simple and intuitive way and how robust task execution under unc
We investigated a 3.75-m-long lacustrine sediment record from Lake Äntu Sinijärv, northern Estonia, which has a modeled basal age >12,800 cal yr BP. Our multi-proxy approach focused on the stable oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of freshwater tufa. Our new palaeoclimate information for the Eastern Baltic region, based on high-resolution δ18O data (219 samples), is supported by pollen and plant ma
Europeiska rådets förslag till ett direktiv om tillbörlig aktsamhet för företag i fråga om hållbarhet (”Förslaget”) syftar till att införa skyldigheter för vissa företag (”Företag/Företaget”) relaterat till hållbarhet. Ett av skälen till Förslaget var framväxten av globala värdekedjor, som tenderar att ge upphov till kränkningar av mänskliga rättigheter. Förlagan till Förslaget var Förenta nationeThe European Council’s proposal for a corporate sustainability due diligence directive (the “Proposal”) aims to introduce obligations and respon-sibilities for some companies (“Company/Companies”) related to sustainability matters. Part of the reasons for the Proposal was the emergence of global value chains, which are prone to contain human rights violations. The model for the Proposal was the Un
The inability to provide adequate education for refugee children in Transit and Reception Centres in the Republic of North Macedonia during the refugee crisis (2016-2017), defines the context-specific precarious conditions that stimulated teachers on-the-ground to seek new educational methods. The research questions inquire about the teachers’ methods outside the scope of formal/non-formal educati
Parallellhandel är en laglig form av handel med varor mellan Europeiska unionens medlemsstater. Handeln betecknas som ''parallell'' eftersom den sker utanför och i de flesta fall parallellt med de distributionsnätverk som tillverkarna eller de ursprungliga leverantörerna har skapat för sina produkter i en medlemsstat, trots att det gäller produkter som i alla avseenden liknar de so
In the search for grasping how the everyday life experience for people with a disability is shaped in relation to the local social and political complexities in Cobija/Pando four themes are crucial to understand. Firstly, illustrating how the rhetorical definition of disability removes the wrongfulness or responsibility from the shoulders of the individual to an exclusive social environment. Even
Fotosyntes, vilket beskriver upptaget av koldioxid från atmosfären av vegetationen, är nyckeln till den naturliga förmildringen av den antropogena klimatförändringen. Dess korrekta skattning är därför av avgörande betydelse för korrekta bedömningar av den globala kolbalansen och förståelsen av det globala kolets kretslopp. Detta upptag av kol kallas bruttoprimärproduktionen (Gross Primary ProductiPhotosynthesis, which describes the uptake of carbon from the atmosphere by vegetation, is key to the natural mitigation of anthropogenic climate change. Its accurate assessment is therefore of vital importance for correct estimates of the global carbon balance and the understanding of global carbon dynamics. This uptake of carbon is referred to as the gross primary productivity (GPP) and can be r
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure [i.e, 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin (4-ABP-Hb) adducts] were predictive of the risk of tobacco-related cancers and diseases. We did a case control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, involving 190 controls and 149 cases (incident cancer of the lung, bladde
The mechanisms underlying biphasic insulin secretion have not been completely elucidated. We compared the pattern of plasma insulin changes during hyperglycemic clamps in mice to that of glucose-induced insulin secretion and cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+](c)) changes in perifused mouse islets. Anesthetized mice were infused with glucose to clamp blood glucose at 8.5 (baseline), 11.1, 16.7
I Sverige är aktiebolaget idag vår vanligaste associationsform och fördelarna är många. Den förmod¬ligen starkaste av dem är regeln om det begränsade ansvaret för aktieägare. Genom denna regel åtnjuter aktieägare skydd mot att behöva gälda bolagets borgenärer med mer än det redan satsade aktiekapitalet. Med detta som bakgrund kan det begränsade ansvaret sägas vara en direkt förutsättning för förveIn Sweden, the most common type of company is the limited stock company (aktiebolag), which brings about several advantages. The strongest one is probably the shareholders’ limited liability. By this rule, the stock owners acquire protection from having to atone for any company debt exceed¬ing the already submitted equity stock. Keeping this in mind, one can consider the limited liability being an
This dissertation investigates the function of the sea in contemporary British and Irish literature, focusing on the following three novels: Dermot Bolger’s Temptation (2000), John Banville’s The Sea (2005), and Ian McEwan’s On Chesil Beach (2007). The analysis is divided into two main parts, where the sea is considered in its roles as a setting and as a symbol. The former section starts with a su
Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains larg
Proponents of religious non-doxasticism standardly aim to show how a commitment to traditional religion can be rational in the absence of religious belief. We demonstrate how the non-doxastic framework can be given a much wider application. In a study on Swedish semi-secularity, sociologist Ann af Burén has discovered a pattern where subjects simultaneously entertain naturalistic and supernatural
Smoke from western North American wildfires reached the stratosphere in large amounts in August 2017. Limb-oriented satellite-based sensors are commonly used for studies of wildfire aerosol injected into the stratosphere (OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler) and SAGE III/ISS (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station)). We find that these m
The Sun sporadically produces eruptive events leading to intense fluxes of solar energetic particles (SEPs) that dramatically disrupt the near-Earth radiation environment. Such events have been directly studied for the last decades but little is known about the occurrence and magnitude of rare, extreme SEP events. Presently, a few events that produced measurable signals in cosmogenic radionuclides
Being physically active as part of everyday life reduces breast cancer risk. Less is known whether the benefits of an active lifestyle differ depending on the timing of physical activity in life or anthropometric characteristics. The aim of this study was to bring further insights to the association of physical activity in relation to menopausal status and body composition with breast cancer risk
