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BACKGROUND: Floods are the most frequent and devastating type of natural disaster worldwide, causing unprecedented deaths, diseases, and destruction of property and crops. Flooding has a greater impact in developing countries due to lack of sufficient disaster management structures and a lack of economic resources. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the aim of contributing to the knowledge b

As a post-LOSC legal development, the precautionary principle is nowhere enunciated in the Law of the Sea Convention. Nevertheless, in the thirty years since the LOSC's adoption, the significance of the precautionary principle for marine environmental protection in general and marine resource conservation in particular has been recognised. The language of precaution, the precautionary principle an

Abstract in UndeterminedUzbekistan, after gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, had publicly declared that it would adhere to democratic governance principles in designing and implementing its public administration policies. As a newly-independent state with democracy claims, Uzbekistan had tried to establish new democratic institutions with an effort to capture international communi

Background: Little is known about the causes of thyroid cancer, but insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) might play an important role in its development due to its mitogenic and antiapoptotic properties. Methods: This study prospectively investigated the association between serum IGF-I concentrations and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a case-control study nested within the European Pr

This work studies osteoinduction and bone conduction in polyvinyl alcohol-tetraethylorthosilicate-alginate-calcium oxide (PTAC) biocomposite cryogels along with the synergistic effect of electrical stimulation. In vitro osteoinduction of C2C12 myoblast towards osteogenic lineage is demonstrated through alkaline phosphatase assay, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscop

Changes in vascular tone brought about by electrical field stimulation were studied in isolated guinea-pig and monkey pial arteries, using stimulus intensities similar to, or weaker than, those usually utilized by other investigators. In the guinea-pig, excitation of the smooth muscle cells was easily induced, even at low intensity stimulus parameters. This contraction faded upon repeated stimulat

The dissociation of DNA-cationic surfactant complexes with the addition of a negative amphiphile was studied by fluorescence microscopy (FM). The unfolding of DNA molecules previously compacted with cationic surfactant was shown to be dependent on the anionic surfactant chain length; lower amounts of a longer-chain surfactant were needed to release DNA into solution. However, we observed no depend

Mechanical properties and rate of ATP breakdown (JATP) have been determined in the chemically skinned guinea-pig taenia coli at 22 degrees C. The influence of varied [Ca2+], [Mg ATP] and muscle length were investigated. The shortening response after a step decrease in force (isotonic quick release) was highly curvilinear in the first 100-200 ms. This effect was shown to be a time-dependent respons

The phase formation, heat of hydration and dilatation in a blended cement consisting of 50 wt.% calcium aluminate cement, 25 wt.% Portland cement and 25 wt.% calcium sulfate were studied (w/c= 1). The calcium sulfate was beta-hemilrydrate, anhydrite and mixes of the two. Kinetic expressions describing the ettringite formation in the pastes with the pure calcium sulfates were found. Hydration react

A special gait-training programme, combining a psychological therapeutic approach with methods in physiotherapy and body awareness, was used to re-educate nine unilateral trans-femoral amputees. All were rehabilitated trauma or tumour amputees with an age of 16-60 years. They had worn prostheses for more than 18 months. The re-education aimed at integrating the prosthesis in normal movements and i

In the present work we determine the adsorption site of two polyatomic molecules, methoxy and ethoxy, on Cu(100). This is accomplished by comparing experimental intramolecular vibrational modes to the corresponding modes calculated by first principle methods. We explore the three different high symmetry adsorption sites on top, bridge and hollow using several different metal clusters to represent

The electronic structure and the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO)/the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) alignment at the molecular semiconductor heterointerface of nanostructured TiO2/ZnPcGly dye sensitizer were characterized by X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). The HOMO level of the dye ZnPcGly was determined to be located at 1.62 eV below the Fer

By precipitating a complex salt Ly(OS)(8) of the positively charged protein lysozyme and the anionic surfactant octyl sulfate OS-, one can generate a true ternary system: water-Ly(OS)(8)-NaOS. Using NMR diffusometry and U spectroscopy measurements the thermodynamic parameters of the association processes have been determined. The solubility product of the complex salt, K-s, is 10-(28) M-9.(1) On

The relationship between urinary levels of cotinine (U-cotinine) and arsenic (U-As), blood levels of cadmium (B-Cd), blood levels of lead (B-Pb), lung function, and questionnaire data on smoking habits were studied in 107 parents and their 46 children (7-10 y of age). There was a statistically significant relationship between the reported amount of tobacco smoked and U-cotinine levels. Nonsmokers

Human semen has several important constituents, including the prostate secreted proteins beta-microseminoprotein (MSP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and the seminal-vesicle-derived coagulum proteins semenogelin I (SEMG1) and semenogelin II (SEMG2). The research underlying this thesis explored the evolution, expression and structure of seminal plasma protein

The inhibitory innervation of guinea-pig urethral smooth muscle was investigated histochemically and functionally. The distribution of immunoreactivities to haem oxygenases (HO), neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was studied, and the functional effects of the corresponding putative transmitters, CO, NO, and VIP, were assessed. HO-2 immunoreactivity was found

Methacrylate-functionalized poly(ethylene oxide-co-ethylene carbonate) macromonomers were prepared in two steps by the anionic ring-opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate at 180 °C, with potassium methoxide as the initiator, followed by the reaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the polymers with methacryloyl chloride. The molecular weight of the polymer went through a maximum after app