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The BCJR algorithm is an important channel decoding method. We extend it to trellis rate-distortion data compression. Beginning from source coding principles, the derivation of the algorithm avoids channel coding or soft output ideas. The encoder does not use entropy coding; equiprobable reproducer letters are emphasized since these maximize entropy. The BCJR method is demonstrated by tests of a
This paper is concerned with question of how to assess results of networking which is an important element in movement towards sustainable development. Although based upon a large body of research, including empirical studies, the question of assessment of the networking results remains un-addressed, to a large extent. Based on an in-depth analysis of two Swedish tourism networks for sustainabilit
[1] Pathfinder AVHRR NDVI data have been analyzed for the African Sahel to study recent trends in vegetation greenness. A strong increase in seasonal NDVI was observed over large areas in the Sahel during the period 1982-1999. The increase is interpreted as a vegetation recovery from the drought periods of the 1980's. Although strong shifts in satellite overpass times have led to shifting solar ze
This paper examines the impact of climate variability on inter-municipal household migration in the Guatemalan Dry Corridor (GDC) between 2013 and 2018. Monthly georeferenced precipitation and temperature data are used to build a climate shock variable that captures prolonged exposure to droughts and heatwaves at the municipality level. The data is used to understand if the occurrence of a shock a
The debate on Nordic defense cooperation has surged in the recent year as a result from a perceived shift in the security environment. The study focuses on the five Nordic states; all of them committed to different security communities and yet engaged in cooperative measures with each other. With the question of exploring the prerequisites for a possible deepening of the Nordic defense cooperatio
Some practices are seen as so serious and damaging to competition that they are presumed to have restrictive effects on competition. Having a category of restrictions that are forbidden benefits both companies, as it creates legal certainty, and the Commission which would not not have to go through a burdensome investigation. In recent decades, the interpretation of restriction by object has cause
Background Companies producing premium products with high quality and long product life can experience challenges when trying to penetrate price-sensitive customer segments on emerging markets due to a high product price. One way to achieve growth in these segments is to introduce new innovative business models. From the theory of circular economy, a concept combining sustainable and economi
The purpose of this thesis is to find out whether or not the Estonian stock market is developed enough for introduction of a market for standardized options on index and stocks. This will be conducted through comparing the stock market development in Estonia today with the corresponding situation in Denmark, Hungary and Norway at the time of their introduction of trade in standardized options. Our
A p-compact group, as defined by Dwyer and Wilkerson, is a purely homotopically defined p-local analog of a compact Lie group. It has long been the hope, and later the conjecture, that these objects should have a classification similar to the classification of compact Lie groups. In this paper we finish the proof of this conjecture, for p an odd prime, proving that there is a one-to-one correspond
The construction of the European Spoliation Source (ESS) faces many challenges from the neutron beam transport point of view: the spoliation source is specified as being driven by a 5 MW beam of protons, each with 2 GeV energy, and yet the requirements in instrument background suppression relative to measured signal vary between 10(-6) and 10(-8). The energetic particles, particularly above 20 MeV
There is a paucity of diagnostic instruments for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R), an 80-item self-rating scale designed to assist clinicians diagnosing ASD in adults. It was administered to 75 adults with ASD and 197 comparison cases. Also, a subse
When experience is insufficient or not present at all, making decisions becomes difficult. Capability assessments are tools to inform decisions in all situations regarding risk management, but the use of them in Sweden is discussed. With experiments made in the microworld MikroRisk, conclusions can be made about the investment patterns induced by a capability assessment under the conditions of bot
An energy transition from centralised and fossil-fuelled installations towards decentralised and renewable energy has been advocated by governments, businesses and academia. In the EU it has become a regional strategy, and a desire of citizens, to enable communities to take an active role in the energy market in the hopes of transitioning to an increasingly local, renewable and participatory futur
I denna kandidatuppsats undersöks den använda retoriken av den Nationella Kampanjen för rätten till laglig, säker och gratis abort i Argentina. Syftet med studien är att under- söka om den reproduktiva styrningen håller på att förändras. Det valda empiriska materialet består av ett dokument som skrivits av den Nationella Kampanjen för rätten till laglig, säker och gratis abort i Argentina. UppsatsThis bachelor thesis investigates the rhetoric used by the National Campaign for the right to legal, safe and free abortion in Argentina. The purpose of the study is to research if the reproductive governance of Argentina is in transition. The empirical material selected consist of a document written by the National Campaign for the right to legal, safe and free abortion in Argentina. The theoreti
For most people getting a stroller is an obvious thing to do when having a baby. It’s mainly used for transportation of the baby but has other functions as well. For example, it is used as a storage, serves as a shopping bag for groceries and makes a perfect bed for a baby nap. Using a stroller should be easy and safe, but when it’s getting dark outside it can be hard to see the road ahead and fin
