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It is widely recognized that judicial independence is an indispensable value of a modern democracy. When a country wishes to adopt this value, questions may arise, such as what it is and how to develop it properly? This thesis explores the issue of judicial independence in two aspects: theoretical and practical. For the theoretical aspect, it first examines the rule of law and protection of human
BACKGROUND: Most men with elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) do not have prostate cancer, leading to a large number of unnecessary biopsies. A statistical model based on a panel of four kallikreins has been shown to predict the outcome of a first prostate biopsy. In this study, we apply the model to an independent data set of men with previous negative biopsy but persistently eleva
A search for the decay of a light Higgs boson (120-140 GeV) to a pair of weakly interacting, long-lived particles in 1.94 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS detector is presented. The search strategy requires that both long-lived particles decay inside the muon spectrometer. No excess of events is observed above the expected background and limits on
While cognitive ability is inversely associated with risk for schizophrenia (SZ), the association is less clear with other nonaffective psychoses (ONAP) and bipolar illness (BPI). Using national Swedish hospital registry data, we examined the prospective relationship between school achievement (SA) and development of SZ, ONAP, and BPI in 1800643 adolescents born 1972-1990. We used Cox proportional
Purpose: We have developed a statistical prediction model for prostate cancer based on four kallikrein markers in blood: total, free, and intact prostate-specific antigen ( PSA), and kallikrein-related peptidase 2 ( hK2). Although this model accurately predicts the result of biopsy in unscreened men, its properties for men with a history of PSA screening have not been fully characterized. Experime
The aim was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) with a technetium-labelled (Tc) perfusion tracer to detect myocardial infarction (MI) in a clinical population referred for assessment of stress-induced ischemia using late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as reference method.
The relationship between the relative humidity and the moisture content of a material for relative humidity levels close to 100% can be studied using the pressure plate technique. However, this method is designed for desorption experiments and modifications are necessary in order to perform absorption experiments. This paper presents a method to condition samples to a uniform moisture content by a
Svensson F, Fredlund C, Svedin CG, Priebe G, Wadsby M. Adolescents selling sex: Exposure to abuse, mental health, self-harm behaviour and the need for help and support-a study of a Swedish national sample. Nord J Psychiatry 2013; 67: 81-88. Background: Selling sex is not uncommon among adolescents and we need to increase our knowledge of how this affects them. Aim: The aim of this study was to inv
The first appearance datum (FAD) of the cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite Lotagnostus americanus is a widely used marker for defining the base of the uppermost stage of the Cambrian System. Detailed field study on the L. americanus-bearing interval of the Wa'ergang section, Hunan, China, reveals the FAD of L. americanus to be 29.65m above the base of the Shengjiawan Formation. This horizon is close
Objective The NORAM (Nonrenal Wegener's Granulomatosis Treated Alternatively with Methotrexate [MTX]) trial demonstrated that MTX can replace cyclophosphamide (CYC) as remission-inducing treatment for patients with newly diagnosed early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis. Duration of relapse-free survival was longer among CYC-treated patients than among MTX-treated p
Abstract Objective. Only a minority of patients with low-risk prostate cancer needs treatment, but the methods for optimal selection of patients for treatment are not established. This article describes the Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS), which aims to improve those methods. Material and methods. SAMS is a prospective, multicentre study of active surveillance for low-risk prostate can
The Archaean block of southern Greenland constitutes the core of the North Atlantic craton (NAC) and is host to a large number of Precambrian mafic intrusions and dyke swarms, many of which are regionally extensive but poorly dated. For southern West Greenland, we present a U-Pb zircon age of 2990 +/- 13 Ma for the Amikoq mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion (Fiskefjord area) and four baddeleyite U-
Background: The study was designed to determine whether a 1-year hospital-based secondary prevention programme would have any long-term effects on serum lipid levels and the use of lipid-lowering drugs in patients with coronary artery disease 4 years after referral to primary care facilities for follow-up. Design/methods: After acute myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery, 241 consecuti
The FRR (Friendly Rest Room) project creates and evaluates prototypes of a more user friendly intelligent toilet for old persons and for persons with disabilities. Additionally, applicable knowledge regarding needs and wishes of old and/or disabled persons and their care persons are documented. In this paper the user driven research approach, ethical aspects and the iterative user centred design p
Xylose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the introduction of a xylose pathway, either similar to that found in the natural xylose-utilizing yeasts Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae or similar to the bacterial pathway. The use of NAD(P)H-dependent XR and NAD(+)-dependent XDH from P. stipitis creates a cofactor imbalance resulting in xylitol formation. The effect of replacing the
Sertraline and paroxetine are frequently prescribed SSRIs for long-term treatment of major depression. Nevertheless, continuous follow-ups of drug concentrations prevailing in patients during the whole treatment period are not available. Hence, in a large phase IV clinical trial, a total of 353 patients with major depression were enrolled for a 6-month comparison of sertraline (50-150 mg daily) an
We have published previously a prototype of a decision model for anaemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in which transfusion need and serum erythropoietin (S-Epo) were used to define three groups with different probabilities of erythroid response to treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) + Epo. S-Epo less than or equal to 500 U/l and a transfusion need of < 2
