Filtyp
Purpose: Low-risk prostate cancer is found in about half of newly diagnosed men subjected to PSA screening. Methods: To define the role of active surveillance and focal therapy in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancers, an invited international panel of practicing physicians in the field of localized prostate cancer discussed the available literature in three consecutive meetings to come to a
BACKGROUND: Oral contraceptives are known to reduce the incidence rate of endometrial cancer, but it is uncertain how long this effect lasts after use ceases, or whether it is modified by other factors.METHODS: Individual participant datasets were sought from principal investigators and provided centrally for 27 276 women with endometrial cancer (cases) and 115 743 without endometrial cancer (cont
Background and purpose — The incidence of manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) after knee arthroplasty surgery has been reported to vary between 0.5% and 10%. We evaluated the incidence of MUA after primary knee arthroplasty in Sweden, the demographics of the patients and the risk of revision. Patients and methods — Between 2009 and 2013, 64,840 primary total and unicompartmental knee arthroplastie
Background and objectives: Despite global warming, the climate in Northern Europe is generally cold, and the large number of deaths due to non-optimal temperatures is likely due to cold temperatures. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between cold temperatures and all-cause mortality, as well as cause-specific mortality, in Tallinn and Riga in North-Eastern Europe. Mate
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence for a negative impact of traffic-related air pollution on risk of dementia. However, the contribution of noise exposure to this association has been rarely examined.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the individual and combined effect of noise and air pollution on risk of dementia.METHODS: Data on dementia incidence over a 15 year period was obtained from the
OBJECTIVES: There is highly suggestive evidence for an effect of air pollution exposure on dementia-related outcomes, but evidence is not yet present to clearly pinpoint which pollutants are the probable causal agents. The aims of this study was to assess the longitudinal association between exposures of fine ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) from residential wood burning, and vehicle exhaust, wi
Purpose: This study aims to focus on the surface curvature, jet to target spacing and jet Reynolds number effects on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a slot jet impinging on a confined concave target surface at constant jet to target spacing. Design/methodology/approach: Numerical simulations are used in this research. Jet to target spacing, H/B is varying from 1.0 to 2.2, B is
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of dimple geometries and arrangements on the heat transfer enhancement in a dimple jacketed heat exchanger. Design/methodology/approach: For the purpose of this paper, with the experimental validated numerical model, this paper carries out numerical simulations of both single dimples with different geometries and the whole dimple jacketed
Municipalities are key actors in their role as planners for sustainable urban development, and also have the responsibility to transform ambitious national and global goals and visions into local practices (McCormick et al., 2013). The role of municipalities in relation to enhancing sustainable consumption patterns has been increasingly highlighted by policy-makers and in research. Creating sustai
Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET), based on band-to-band tunneling, overcomes the thermal limit (subthreshold slope (S) > 60 mV/decade) of the MOSFETs by filtering the high-energy Fermi tail, thereby allowing a substantial reduction of supply voltage and power consumption. Despite the steep slope behavior, TFETs can suffer from ambipolarity wherein carriers tunnel into the channel at both high
We present a low-temperature processing scheme for the integration of either lateral or vertical nanowire (NW) transistors with a multilayer back-end-of-line interconnect stack. The nanowire device temperature budget has been addressed, and materials for the interconnect fabrication have been selected accordingly. A benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer is used as an interlayer dielectric, with interconn
Background: ECG changes after revascularization predicts improved outcome for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Worst lead residual (WLR) ST deviation and resolution of worst lead ST elevation (rST elevation) are simple measures that can be obtained early after PCI. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether simple ECG measures, obtained one hour followin
In this work, we study the electron mobility of near surface metal organic vapor phase epitaxy-grown InGaAs quantum wells. We utilize Hall mobility measurements in conjunction with simulations to quantify the surface charge defect density. Buried quantum wells are limited by polar optical phonon scattering at room temperature. In contrast, the quantum wells directly at the surface are limited by r
III-V vertical nanowire MOSFETs (VNW-FETs) have the potential to extend Moore’s law owing to their excellent material properties. To integrate highly scaled memory cells coupled with high performance selectors at minimal memory cell area, it is attractive to integrate low-power resistive random access memory (RRAM) cells directly on to III-V VNW-FETs. In this work, we report the experimental demon
Aim: To explore the experience of pain in 10- to 12-year-old children. Methods: This interview study included students (n = 42) in grade 4-6 in focus groups (n = 10) in southern Sweden (52% girls); mean age, 11.3 years (range 10-12 years). The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in one theme: Pain as
The European Association of Urology (EAU) Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Guideline Panel performed a protocol-driven systematic review (SR) on thermal ablation (TA) compared with partial nephrectomy (PN) for T1N0M0 renal masses, in order to provide evidence to support its recommendations. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and only
This paper contains a quantification and decision theoretical optimization of the posterior utilities for several options for monitoring campaigns on the particular case of fatigue life predictions of an orthotropic steel deck. The monitoring campaigns are defined by varying monitoring durations and phases. The decision analysis is performed with real data from the Structural Health Monitoring (SH
In the summer of 1988, during the premiership of Mir-Hussein Mousavi, thousands of opponents of the Islamic Republic were extrajudicially executed while in prison. Newly published evidence from Amnesty International shows that Mousavi, despite his denials, was aware of the executions, casting a dark shadow over the reformist movement in Iran.
Purpose: Insomnia affects up to one in four adolescents and has been shown to have a negative impact on their mental and physical health. This study aimed to investigate the association between insomnia, academic performance, self-reported health, physical activity, school start time, and substance use among adolescents. Methods: A survey with a cross-sectional design was completed by adolescents
