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Rhizotrons provide valuable information about plant root production, but measurements are usually made in units of root length per unit surface area of observation window surface. These measurement units are not easily comparable to above-ground plant growth. To address this deficiency, several techniques have been developed to convert rhizotron measurement units into root mass production per unit
S-phase fraction (SPF), estimated in the flow cytometric DNA histogram, is a prognostic factor in breast cancer. There are, however, some inherent difficulties in the estimation of SPF, such as the influence of debris, aggregates, and normal cells. Most of the available SPF calculation principles try to consider these difficulties, but so far no consensus has been reached with regard to which prin
Background: Official guidelines that promote evidence-based and cost-effective prescribing are of main relevance for obvious reasons. However, to what extent these guidelines are followed and their conditioning factors at different levels of the health care system are still insufficiently known. In January 2004, a decentralized drug budget was implemented in the county of Scania, Sweden. Focusing
The aim of the first this work part of the EU-project, Trial I, was to evaluate and possibly improve the CEC image criteria for radiographic chest images. Chest images of healthy volunteers were acquired using different technique factors. The image criteria were used as a tool to discriminate between the different images. The technique factors were chosen so that the image quality would differ sli
Knee kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is of interest in studies evaluating the effect of training programs. Many studies have addressed knee flexion/extension but not valgus/varus movements. Considering that joint stability is a major concern in ACL reconstruction surgery, movements occurring in the frontal plane of the knee also deserve attention. Knee extensor tor
PURPOSE: We measured serum levels of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) in patients with prostate cancer treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer to determine whether preoperative hK2 levels discriminate stage pT2a/b from pathological stage T3a or greater cancer. This finding would help to predict preoperatively the organ confined versus non-organ conf
We have started a systematic investigation of the radiative properties of the elements of the sixth row of the periodic table. Using a combination of experimental radiative lifetimes obtained with the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique and of theoretical branching fractions (BF) calculated with a HFR approach taking configuration interaction and core-polarization effects into
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects on cost, and number of primary and supplementary neuroradiologic examinations, after introducing MR imaging as the primary modality in the evaluation of the lumbar spine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two 5-month periods were compared: period 1--before MR; and period 2--after introduction of a 2nd MR device. In period 1, patients were examined with myelography and/or CT af
In the water-oxidizing reactions of photosystem II (PSII), a tyrosine residue plays a key part as an intermediate electron-transfer reactant between the primary donor chlorophylls (the pigment P-680) and the water-oxidizing Mn cluster. The tyrosine is deprotonated upon oxidation, and the coupling between the proton reaction and electron transfer is of great mechanistic importance for the understan
Site I of antigenic domain 2 (AD-2) on human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gB) is poorly immunogenic in both man and mouse and knowledge about antibody repertoires reactive with this epitope is thus limited. Here we have characterized a phage display-derived repertoire of antibody fragments specific for this epitope in terms of antigen recognition, fine-specificity, and virus-neutralizing capaci
We investigated whether dorsal hindbrain and/or peripheral cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) acts to suppress gastric emptying of a caloric stimulus. Furthermore, effects of dorsal hindbrain CARTp on sucrose consumption and licking microstructure was studied, as well as the possible contribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors to mediate effects of CAR
Stoichiometric Al and W oxide films are prepared with high stability from the metallic state of the cathodes using conventional reactive DC magnetron sputtering on an industrial prototype scale. While for the Al, increased target power is a trivial way to increase growth rates, W oxide sputtering of optically functional films with sufficiently amorphous structure is severely limited by the effect
This book deals with ’have’ in ancient Greek. Two different types of ’have’-constructions were used, viz., on the one hand, the active transitive verb ἔχω and, on the other hand, the verb εἶναι, ’be’, with a complement in the dative case (here called the ἔστι μοι construction). A transitive ’have’ does not seem to be of Proto-Indo-European origin but rather an innovation in separate Indo-European
The cost of energy for drying paper is substantial for the pulp and paper industry, and studies of various strategies for energy cost reductions such as increased energy efficiency, increased heat recovery from the exhaust drying air and reduced cost of the process heat are presented in this thesis. The energy use and cost studies were performed using a block-model based simulation tool developed
We review a neck method to explore the cellular functions in multicellular system by application of the perforated patch-clamp technique to intact pancreatic islet of Langerhans. Using this approach, the integrity of the islet is preserved and intercellular communication via gap junctions and paracrine processes are maintained. 13 using low-resistance patch electrodes, rapid current responses can
Angiogenesis is a target in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Nintedanib, an oral triple angiokinase inhibitor of VEGF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor, has shown activity in phase 2 trials in this setting. We investigated the combination of nintedanib with standard carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed advan
Background: Potential fragrance allergens used in daily products should have a concentration limited to levels that are at, or below, acceptable exposure levels based on the quantitative risk assessment for the induction of dermal sensitization. To date, there are insufficient data to discern any quantitative relationship between induction and elicitation concentrations for fragrance ingredients
A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on the finite element method (FEM) is used to investigate a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Governing equations for heat, gas-phase species, electron, ion and momentum transport are implemented and coupled to kinetics describing electrochemical as well as internal reforming reactions. The model cell design is based on a cell from
