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AIMS, PATIENTS & METHODS: Dietary factors may regulate the epigenome. We aimed to explore whether a diet intervention, including excess sugar, affects the methylome in human sperm, and to describe the sperm methylome. We used Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) to analyze DNA methylation in sperm taken at three time points from 15 males during a diet intervention; i) at baseline, ii) afte
Introduction: The American Association of Neurologic Surgeons guidelines on the management of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), updated in 2013, focus on spinal cord perfusion, early decompressive surgery, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis to improve neurological outcome. Research question: How neurocritical care and initial management have changed with the implementation of updated m
Background:cThe risk of coronavirus (COVID-19) can be affected by the presence of certain chronic conditions. It is unknown if individuals with severe hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) faced an increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection during the pandemic and if COPD in this population affected the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Aim: Our aim was to investigate COVID-19 outcomes
Background: Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants to Europe have a heavy burden of metabolic disorders including a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, T2D and obesity as compared to native-born Europeans. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are prevalent conditions in people originating from the ME. Aims: To study the differences in the levels of 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) across ME an
Copper complexes supported by benzimidazole-based tetradentate neutral ligands featuring thio- and selenoether donors, resemble the coordination environment of the active site in copper dependent monooxygenases Dopamine-β-monooxygenase (DβM) and peptidylglycine-α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). The cuprous complexes react with O2 at low temperature generating a reactive copper-oxygen species as
Context: The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is not fully understood. Objective: We investigate the association of cardiometabolic, diet, and lifestyle parameters on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 in people at risk of, or living with, T2D. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the two Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on P
Background: Nutri-Score is a scientifically validated 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label reflecting the nutrient profile of foods. It has been implemented in several European countries on a voluntary basis, pending the revision of the European labeling regulation. Hence, scientific evidence is needed regarding the ability of the nutrient profile underlying the Nutri-Score (uNS-NPS, 2023-updated
With the introduction of x-ray free electron laser sources around the world, new scientific approaches for visualizing matter at fundamental length and time-scales have become possible. As it relates to magnetism and ‘magnetic-type’ systems, advanced scattering methods are being developed for studying ultrafast magnetic responses on the time-scales at which they occur. We describe three capabiliti
Amyloid protein deposits are the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or diabetes type II. Although their connection to the diseases is not fully understood, many studies point at intermediate species called oligomers as being the main responsible for the toxicity of these proteins. This makes them strong candidates as therapeutic targets. However, due to their
Objective: The objective of this study was to study the recovery from, and incidence of, work-restricting musculoskeletal pain after bariatric surgery compared with usual obesity care. Methods: Pain in different body regions was monitored using questionnaires in the nonrandomized, prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, which included 2007 participants treated with bariatric su
Background: Beta-cell monogenic forms of diabetes have strong support for precision medicine. We systematically analyzed evidence for precision treatments for GCK-related hyperglycemia, HNF1A-, HNF4A- and HNF1B-diabetes, and mitochondrial diabetes (MD) due to m.3243 A > G variant, 6q24-transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TND) and SLC19A2-diabetes. Methods: The search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Emba
Identifying patients at risk for metastatic relapse is a critical medical need. We identified a common missense germline variant in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (rs562556, V474I) that is associated with reduced survival in multiple breast cancer patient cohorts. Genetic modeling of this gain-of-function single-nucleotide variant in mice revealed that it causally promotes b
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, not least in the elderly. The incidence of aged TBI patients has increased dramatically during the last decades. High age is a highly negative prognostic factor in TBI, and pharmacological treatment options are lacking. We used the controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI model in 23-month-old male and female mice and analyzed t
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common hematological malignancy with highly variable clinical presentation. Many patients never require any treatment but for the others, chemotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and newer targeted therapies have changed the treatment landscape. Diagnostic age influences the applied treatment, and we thus wanted to analyze age-specific survival trends t
Context: Proneurotensin (pNT) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on postprandial pNT levels are not well studied. Objective: This work aimed to assess the effects of RYGB vs a very low-energy diet (VLED) on pNT levels in response to mixed-meal tests (MMTs), and long-term effects of RYGB on fasting pNT. Methods: Cohort 1: Nine no
This study is an explorative examination of changes in employment, revenue, and firm structure for low, mid, and high-skill firms in urban and rural areas in Sweden from 2007 to 2019, using skill groups based on education levels. For employment in Sweden in general, we find evidence of job upgrading. In the city of Stockholm we also document job polarization in the sense that employment in both lo
