A novel method developed to increase the temporal resolution of x-ray streak cameras is described. The method is analogous to the time-correlated single-photon-counting technique, which is commonly used in atomic physics. By use of short-pulse x-ray radiation from a laser-produced plasma, generated by an ultrafast laser, it is shown that a standard x-ray streak camera with a nominal temporal resol

Popular Abstract in Swedish I gröna växters kloroplaster finns ett s.k. sHsp-protein (small Heat shock protein) som betecknas Hsp21. Det tillhör en grupp av hjälpar-protein som kallas molekylära chaperoner. Chaperoner hjälper andra proteiner så att de inte klibbar ihop, aggregerar och blir inaktiva. Två vattenskyende ytor som sammanförs aggregerar. Genom att särskilt aggregerings-benägna (vattenskThe chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein (sHsp) Hsp21 belongs to the family of alpha-crystallin like sHsps which form large oligomeric structures and protect partly unfolded aggregation-prone proteins against aggregation. The main focus for this thesis has been on the highly conserved methionines in Hsp21. These methionine residues are situated on one side of an amphipathic alpha-helix.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Metoder utvecklade inom den statistiska fysiken har visat sig vara användbara även i andra forskningfält såsom datalogi, statistik, ekonomi och molekylärbiologi. I den här avhandlingen undersöks hur en variationell metod, utvecklad för statistisk fysik, kan användas när man löser kombinatoriska optimeringsproblem och när man försöker rekonstruera evolutionsträd. I den Algorithms based on the variational approach, as used in statistical physics, are developed. For constraint satisfaction problems a novel cost function, based on information-theoretic arguments, is introduced, and an algorithm similar to the mean-field annealing algorithm is proposed. It outperforms the conventional mean-field algorithm, and its performance is comparable to good problem-dedicated

Bound to Be Modern is the most comprehensive study to date on the emergence and function of publishers' cloth bindings. It brings together issues of aesthetics, technique, economy, and social change in order to explain why publishers in the 19th century began to have their books bound, and why decorated clothbindings were so successful as the Western world transitioned into modernity. This study

Sheep's fescue, Festuca ovina, is a common grass found all over Eurasia. In populations in southern Sweden some individuals were found to have two copies of the gene for cytoplasmic phosphoglucose isomerase, PgiC. The second copy, PgiC2, was first believed to be a duplicate of the original gene, PgiC1, but comparisons showed that this is not probable. The PgiC2 locus comprises two PgiC2 genes that

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om modeller inom partikelfysik, vilka beskriver naturens minsta beståndsdelar. För att studera dessa små grundläggande byggstenar behöver man hög energi. Desto st ¨orre energi ju mindre avstånd kan man studera. Med höga energier kan man se atomerna, och med ännu högre energier kan man se kärnan och elektronerna, som atomerna består av. Sedan 60-This thesis dealswith the field of high-energy particle physics. It ismainly concernedwith two issues: the “renormalization of effective field theories” and the “detection of hidden sectors”. The first two papers are dedicated to the renormalization issue while the second two deal with the hidden sectors. Renormalization is crucial when one calculates physical observables to a high degree of preci

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a very efficient treatment for severe depression. However, cognitive side effects have raised concern to whether ECT can cause cellular damage in vulnerable brain regions. A few recent animal studies have reported limited hippocampal cell loss, while a number of other studies have failed to find any signs of cellular damage and some even report that electroconvul

Popular Abstract in Swedish År 2014 är ordet "kolhydrater" för de flesta människor förknippat med kost och olika dieter. Det må vara en viktig aspekt, men dock långt från den viktigaste. Kolhydrater utför nämligen en rad viktiga processer i levande organismer. Av de 200 mest säljande läkemedelsprodukterna på den amerikanska marknaden 2012, har omkring 75 % av dem en aktiva substans som består av sIn my research, I have explored various aspects of acetals and their reactivity. Acetals have a central role in carbohydrate chemistry as an inherent functionality and as versatile protecting groups. The first part of the thesis summarizes results on regioselective reductive openings of benzylidene acetals. We thus used deuterium substituted benzylidene acetals and boranes, to investigate stereose