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Intag av söta livsmedel har ökat i Sverige och övriga västvärlden. Typ av söta livsmedel har också ändrat karaktär; sött finns idag främst som dryck – läskkonsumtionen står i särklass över andra söta drycker. Aptitreglering för socker har beskrivits i djurmodeller, där det visats att opiatfrisättning triggar sockerintag i en uppåtgående spiral. Troligen gäller samma för människa. Sött frisätter opThe consumption of sweet food has increased in Sweden, as in other Western countries. The type of food item has changed. The sweet is dominated by soft drinks. Appetite regulation for sucrose has been described in experimental animal models. It has been found that opioids stimulate appetite for sucrose. At the same time sucrose releases endogenous opioids so that a triggering of sucrose consumptio

Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen frequently colonizing the throat and skin of humans. To facilitate colonization and spread and to avoid the host immune defence, streptococci are endowed with a variety of virulence factors, two of which are investigated in this thesis namely streptolysin O (SLO) and M protein. SLO is a secreted cytolysin that forms pores in eukaryotic membran

A family of lipid-linked heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, later named glypicans, were identified some 15 years ago. The discoveries that mutations in genes involved in glypican assembly cause developmental defects have brought them into focus. Glypicans have a characteristic pattern of 14 conserved cysteine residues. There are also two–three attachment sites for HS side-chains near the membrane

In this study the integration and optimisation of hydrophobic pervaporation for the recovery of natural aroma compounds in the food industry has been studied. The simulation developed in the first part of this study was applied to the design and scale-up of pervaporation units for the recovery of natural apple juice aroma. Both semi-batch and continuous process configurations were considered and t

The concept of nonradiating (NR) sources is introduced to transmission lines in the time-domain analysis. A method is presented to construct localized voltage and current sources which do not produce any fields outside the source domain. These sources cannot, therefore, be detected by measurements made outside the source region. The importance of such sources for the uniqueness of the inverse-sour

The experience from five national environmental agreement schemes, all about energy efficiency in manufacturing industries, is discussed in relation to the potential for similar action at the European Community level. Agreements at the Community level could have significant advantages. But success at the national level depends on parameters that would be difficult to reproduce or substitute at the

Recension av Gunnar Richardson, Hitler-Jugend i svensk skol- och ungdomspolitik. Beredskapspedagogik och demokratifostran under andra världskriget.

We determine the power of population monitoring in source or sink habitat to detect declining reproductive success in source habitat using a stochastic population model. The relative power to detect a trend in the source by monitoring either the source or the sink Varies with life history parameters, environmental stochasticity, and observation uncertainty. The power to detect a decline monitoring

In the United States of today, there is an increasing interest taken in the books on comparative religion written by the Swedish poet and scholar Viktor Rydberg (1828–95). Last year two of his major works, Researches in Teutonic mythology (Undersökningar i germanisk mythologi, I) and Magic of the Middle Ages (Medeltidens magi), appeared in English reprint. At the same time Rydberg’s Our father’s g

Background: Most of the previous studies regarding the effects of gel-forming fibres have considered the gastric emptying of liquid or solid meals after the addition of pectin or guar gum. The influence of locust bean gum, on gastric emptying of nutrient semisolid meals in humans has been less well studied, despite its common occurrence in foods. Using a standardised ultrasound method, this study

Sera from 410 patients from the Wuhan area in the central part of China with the diagnosis of chronic liver disease were analyzed for markers of hepatitis B, C and D virus infections. All sera, plus liver biopsy specimens from 188 of the patients, were also tested for hepatitis B virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Sixty-eight percent were HBsAg positive in serum, whereas 29% showed markers of

Dynamic and static light scattering measurements have been made on both dilute and semidilute solutions of the threadlike micelles formed in equimolar mixtures of CTAB and sodium naphthalenesulfonate in aqueous solutions. In dilute solution (1 mM), the first normal mode of the chains (tj) was isolated from the contin decay time spectra as a function of measurement angle. The value of t¡ agreed wit

The Swedish Medical Society’s Delegation for Medical Ethics held in October 2004 a workshop on the new ethical implications on genetic counselling in families where a premutation or mutation in the FMR1 gene was found. New research has revealed that premutation carrier women have an increased risk of premature ovarian failure, and, thus, their fertile sisters may be mutation carriers with an incre

The reactions (Ni(Ar, alpha2p)Mo)-Ni-58-Ar-36-Mo-88 and (Ni(Ar, 4p)Mo)-Ni-58-Ar-36-Mo-90 at 149 and 140 MeV beam energies have been used to carry out Doppler shift attenuation and recoil distance lifetime measurements and to determine DCO ratios in Mo-88 and Mo-90. A singles angular distribution experiment using the reaction (Ni(Cl, 3p)Mo)-Ni-59-Cl-35-Mo-90 has been performed at 120 MeV beam energ

This volume contains essays by five British philosophers and one Swedish philosopher working in metaphysics and in particular metaphysics as it relates to the philosophy of science. These philosophers are the core of a tight network of European philosophers of science and metaphysicians and their essays have evolved as a result of workshops in Lund, Edinburgh, and Athens.

The pulsed field gradient stimulated echo NMR technique is applied to the study of water diffusion in biological porous materials (a sheet of wood cellulose fibers and a packed bed of potato starch granules) consisting of randomly oriented domains with an anisotropic supermolecular organization. Expressions are presented for the probability distribution of apparent diffusion coefficients due to tw

Influence of processing parameters, such as autoclaving and firing temperature, on the optical properties of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 film and on the process of electron injection from the dye fluorescein 27 to the as-prepared films is studied. Transmission electron microscopy and steady-state and time-resolved femtosecond spectroscopy measurements indicate that the larger the TiO2 particle an