Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar till stora delar om fotodynamisk tumörterapi (PDT). PDT har sedan början av förra århundradet undersökts som ett tänkbart alternativ till strålningsbehandling, kirurgi och kemoterapi för behandling av cancertumörer i kroppen. Precis som namnet antyder involverar metoden en fotodynamisk reaktion. För att denna reaktion skall ske behövs tre kompoPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) as a cancer treatment modality relies on the simultaneous presence of three components; light, photosensitiser and oxygen. Once excited by the light, the photosensitiser can interact with oxygen, leading to the formation of toxic oxygen species. These reactive substances induce cellular damage within the irradiated tissue volume. PDT has been investigated for treating ma

The possibility of apparently negative causation has been discussed in a number of recent works on causation, but the discussion has suffered from being scattered. In this paper, the problem of apparently negative causation and its attempted solutions are examined in more detail. I discuss and discard three attempts that have been suggested in the literature. My conclusion is negative: Negative ca

Previous studies have suggested that the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs), but not of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), predicts cancer risk. We have further examined this relationship in European cohorts comprising altogether almost 22,000 subjects, in the framework of a European collaborative project (CancerRiskBiomarkers). The present paper gives an overview of some of the results of

Efficient upconversion luminescence is observed from CdTe nanoparticles in solution and precipitated as solids. In the solids, the upconversion luminescence spectrum is significantly red shifted relative to the photoluminescence spectrum, whereas in solution, there is very little spectral shift. The upconversion luminescence exhibits a near-quadratic laser power dependence, both at room temperatur

Review of John C. Whittaker. Flintknapping, Making and understanding stone tools.

Murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a commonly used model in the investigation of the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS and EAE involve multiple steps, primarily, auto-antigenic leukocyte (mainly T-cells and macrophages) crossing the blood-brain barrier and later their invasion into the CNS where

The epidemiology and costs of repair and rehabilitation of zone 11 flexor tendon injuries in 135 patients from the southern part of Sweden were analysed. The little finger was most frequently injured (43%), usually with a knife (46%), and 30% of the injuries were work related. Total median costs within the health-care sector for the injuries were SEK 48,500 (1 EURO = 9.23 SEK, 4/1/2002). Costs in

This summary aims to highlight major results and insights gained from recent studies of hadronic final states in ep, p (p) over bar, e(+)e(-), as well as relevant theoretical developments, presented in the Multi-Hadron Final States parallel sessions of the DIS2002 workshop held in Krakow, Poland in May 2002.

Methods of avoiding common problems associated with operator work in automated process control, such as understimulation and difficulties in achieving and maintaining necessary skills and competence, are addressed in this paper. The source of these problems is deduced here to be that monitoring tasks are a predominant part of the job. This case study shows how work in a highly automated process ca

Cross-sectional studies have associated obesity and other components of the so-called metabolic syndrome with low-grade inflammation. The temporal and causal relations of this association have not been fully explored. This study explored whether elevated levels of inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs) (fibrinogen, orosomucoid, {alpha}1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin) are assoc

Popular Abstract in Swedish Osteopetros är ett samlingsnamn för en grupp av sjukdomar som påverkar benombildningen i vår kropp. Denna term kan lätt förväxlas med den betydligt vanligare sjukdomen osteoporos (benskörhet). Trots ordens snarlikhet skiljer sig dessa sjukdomar sig avsevärt från varandra. Osteo är latin för ben och medan poros kan översättas med porös betyder petros sten. Även om de oliThe goal in this thesis is development of gene therapy for malignant infantile osteopetrosis (IMO), a rare but severe genetic bone disease. The concept of osteopetrosis implies dysfunction or lack of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells in our body, resulting in failure of normal bone breakdown. Although involved in bone remodeling, osteoclasts are of hematopoietic origin and may potentially be t

Background: Hyper- as well as hypoglycemia may be detrimental for brain energy metabolism and even a moderate increase in blood glucose concentration can affect outcome adversely. During physiological conditions, glucose concentration obtained from microdialysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue adequately reflects plasma glucose concentration. This study examines whether this correlation is also obt

Cubic-InN was grown at a low temperature of 350 degrees C using our home-made low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The technology of indium pre-deposition was applied, that is, a layer of indium was deposited on the sapphire surface with a precursor of trimethylindium (TMI) before the growth of InN. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectra show th

We constructed hydrodynamical model atmospheres for mid M-type main-,as well as pre-main-sequence (PMS) objects. Despite the complex chemistry encountered in these cool atmospheres a reasonably accurate representation of the radiative transfer is possible, even in the context of time-dependent and three-dimensional models. The models provide detailed information about the morphology of M-type gran