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The purpose of this essay is to trace the trends in the flow of economic assistance to India during the 1951–61 period of the First and Second Five Year Plans. The essay is further intended to provide a detailed review of the amounts. types. purposes and sources of the assistance received by India. 1 This essay is part of a larger work. under preparation wbere tbe actual contribution of the foreig
Purpose: To investigate associated systemic diseases, other conditions, visual outcome, ocular complications and treatment in Swedish patients younger than 50 years with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and reviewing the literature. Methods: Twenty-two patients with CRVO, younger than 50 years, were examined with full-field electroretinography (ERG) within 3 months after a thrombotic event, o
A study of the nature and magnitude of private investments in India is basic not only to an understanding of India's international economic relations, but also to an assessment of the relative position of Indian industrial sector vis-à-vis the foreign sector. 1 The following discussion is confined only to tracing of some of the trends in the growth of private foreign investments in India on the ba
A timber-concrete composite structure (TCC) is economically and environmentally friendly. One of the key design points of this kind of structure is to ensure the reliability of the shear connectors. The objective of this paper is to study the mechanical property of stud-groove-type connectors and to provide shear capacity equations for stud-groove connectors in timber-concrete composite structures
Wars are generally characterized by inflationary issue of currency. War is a costly affair which makes excessive demands on the resources of a country so that a large part of the productive apparatus has to be geared to the war needs. The government of a country involved in war has to find new sources of finance to cover the high costs of labour and materials for the war effort which does not sati
I review formation channels for blue stragglers. I consider how they may be produced via collisions between two single main-sequence stars, or via collisions during encounters involving binary stars. Further, I discuss how blue stragglers may be produced via the evolution of isolated binaries. Observations of globular clusters suggest that both mechanisms are contributing.
Familial risks of lung cancer are well-established, but whether lung cancer clusters with other discordant cancers is less certain, particularly beyond smoking-related sites, which may provide evidence on genetic contributions to lung cancer aetiology. We used a novel approach to search for familial associations in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. This involved assessment of familial relative r
Over the last decade, attention to agricultural development in less developed countries has increased. However, two opposing views on its role in economic development exist within the scholarly debate, either as a potential engine for economic growth or as a fifth wheel unlikely to generate transformative growth. Taking these contrary opinions as a point of departure, this paper reviews the origin
To sample information optimally, sensory systems must adapt to the ecological demands of each animal species. These adaptations can occur peripherally, in the anatomical structures of sensory organs and their receptors; and centrally, as higher-order neural processing in the brain. While a rich body of investigations has focused on peripheral adaptations, our understanding is sparse when it comes
In 2015 the European Society of Cardiology and European Respiratory Society published new guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH due to lung diseases and/ or hypoxia was classified as a separate entity. PH is common in lung diseases, but seldom severe. Nevertheless, the presence of PH in a patient with lung disease is associated with worse outcome. If there is
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association between severity of intellectual disability (ID) and presence of challenging behavior, respectively, on diagnoses of psychiatric disorders among older people with ID.METHODS: People with a diagnosis of ID in inpatient or specialist outpatient care in 2002-2012 were identified (n = 2147; 611 with mild ID, 285 with moderate ID, 255 with severe or pr
Pheromone receptors (PRs) are essential in moths to detect sex pheromones for mate finding. However, it remainsunknown from which ancestral proteins these specialized receptors arose. The oldest lineages of moths, so-callednon-ditrysian moths, use short-chain pheromone components, secondary alcohols, or ketones, so called Type 0 pheromonesthat are similar to many common plant volatiles. It is, the
Previous research has not been conclusive regarding the association between selenium (Se) and breast cancer. This study was conducted to clarify if there is an association between prediagnostic serum Se levels and breast cancer risk. A population based cohort, the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, was used and linked with the Swedish cancer registry up to 31 December 2013. Our study included 1,186 wome
The purpose of the following essay is to give a broad outline of the Indian agricultural development and to relate this to two norms of development: growth and distributive justice. Distributive justice is in this context not to be understood as a question of absolute economic equality but should be understood in a broader sense, namely, a relatively egalitarian distribution of incomes and product
Background: Axillary staging in patients with breast cancer and clinically node-negative disease is performed by sentinel node biopsy (SLNB). The aim of this study was to integrate feasible preoperative variables into nomograms to guide clinicians in stratifying treatment options into no axillary staging for patients with non-metastatic disease (N0), SLNB for those with one or two metastases, and
Background: Persons with severe haemophilia require lifelong replacement therapy, prophylaxis, to prevent bleeding. Data describing long-term outcomes of prophylactic treatment are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate joint surgery and survival among persons with severe haemophilia with special attention to access to prophylaxis in the early years of life. Methods: Eligible participant
Att lära sig uttalet i ett nytt språk är för många ett mödosamt arbete. Det gäller att kunna urskilja och producera allt ifrån ljudsegment till enskilda ord och prosodiska element, att få grepp om olika uttalsvarianter och förstå relationen mellan uttal och stavning. För att nå bästa tänkbara resultat för sina individuella uttalsmål behöver inläraren ofta professionell handledning och explicit un
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We analyzed a cohort of 599 cases of urothelial carcinoma for EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB3 gene expression and genomic alterations. The cohort consisted of a reference set (n = 292) comprising all stages and grades and one set (n = 307) of advanced tumors. All cases were previously classified into urothelial carcinoma molecular subtypes. Genomic amplifications were established by array-CGH or in-situ hy
