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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has long served as a model for the evolution of adaptive genetic diversity in wild populations. Pathogen-mediated selection is thought to be a main driver of MHC diversity, but it remains elusive to what degree selection shapes MHC diversity in complex biogeographical scenarios where other evolutionary processes (e.g. genetic drift and introgression) may
We present a method for complex frequency estimation in several variables, extending the classical one-dimensional ESPRIT algorithm, and consider how to work with data sampled on nonstandard domains, i.e., going beyond multirectangles.
Context: Several drugs are approved and available for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and women. However, the vast majority of available data, upon which the approval and recommendation in guidelines are based, considered only the role of the monotherapies and did not evaluate possible combination therapies. Objective: This systematic review analyzes the efficacy and ad
This work aims to explore possible ways of improving the precision of ignition measurements in the cone calorimeter. Both inherent repeatability of parts of the testing equipment and operator-dependent variations are considered. Inherent repeatability is indicated to be slightly improved if the test samples used are circular rather than square. Operator-dependent variation is discussed in terms of
The climate sensitivity of carbon (C) cycling in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems is a major unknown in the Earth system. There is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms that drive the interactions between photosynthesis, respiration, and changes in C stocks across full annual cycles in Arctic tundra. We use a calibrated and validated model (soil-plant-atmosphere; SPA) to estimate net ecosystem exc
Do pedagogical training courses for university teachers have desirable effects on the participants? We set out to answer this question by following a panel of 183 university teachers from Sweden’s six largest universities, who participated in pedagogical training courses. Our study reveals that the participants’ self-reported confidence in their role as teachers increased slightly, and their self-
In clinical transplantation today, the donor heart is preserved with cold ischemic storage that gives safe preservation for 4 hours. Non-ischemic perfusion preservation is able to preserve the donor heart for 24 hours in pre-clinical studies. The aim of this thesis is to investigate: 1. how potassium, magnesium, and temperature affect the coronary artery contractility; 2. how much oxygen a cardiop
Staden Cochabamba kallas för “Bolivias kulinariska huvudstad”. Många kulinariska traditioner och kulturer möts där. Den här avhandlingen handlar om hur den vardagliga matkulturen är en del av reproduktionen av historiska ojämlikheter mellan olika delar av befolkningen, särskild mellan ursprungsbefolkningen och befolkningen som betraktar sig som ”västerländsk”. Avhandlingen utgörs av en inledande dCochabamba city, also referred to as the “gastronomic capital of Bolivia”, is a place where different cultures and tastes meet. Indulging in rich culinary traditions is a part of everyday life, but so are social differentiations reproducing long-standing inequalities between the indigenous and the non-indigenous population. In this thesis, the practices and politics surrounding food are used as a
Kenya’s population is rapidly growing and urbanising. Poverty and problems of food insecurity are equally urbanising at an unprecedented rate. Formal employment has not kept pace with the job demand of the growing population. As a result, urban residents seek employment (livelihood) from an array of informal economic activities, including own food production. The growing urban population and urban
The work of the fire service has changed during the last decades from being essentially operational to include a larger variety of activities to increase fire safety in society. Also, the theoretical understanding of fire development, fire dynamics in buildings and fire safety engineering have improved. There are several good examples of areas were fire dynamics theories have supported and improve
This study is concerned with how impact from research and innovation (R&I) programmes is accounted for in impact evaluation reports. Establishing causal links between a research funding instrument and different effects, poses well known methodological difficulties. In the light of such challenges, textual accounts about causal links ought to be carefully written. Nevertheless, impact evaluatio
Acoustic comfort has been used in engineering to refer to conditions of low noise levels or annoyance, while current standardized methods for airborne and impact sound reduction are used to assess acoustic comfort in dwellings. However, the results and descriptors acquired from acoustic measurements do not represent the human perception of sound or comfort levels. This article is a review of labor
Molecular subtyping may inform on prognosis and treatment response in bladder cancer. However, intratumoral molecular heterogeneity is not well studied in this disease and could complicate efforts to use molecular subtyping to guide patient management. To investigate intratumoral heterogeneity in bladder cancer, we examined molecular subtypes in a consecutive, retrospective cystectomy series of hi
Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre,
Copper-containing amine oxidases have been found in a wide range of eukaryotic cells of fungal, plant, and mammalian origin. 1 - 3 The Cu-AOs isolated from different tissues or phylae have many properties in common, but are distinctly different enzymes with respect to molecular characteristics and substrate specificity. This chapter will examine what is known about the Cu-AO which occurs in the pl
Clean technology has become a key feature due to increasing environmental concerns. Swirling flows, being directly associated with combustion performance and hence minimized pollutant formation, are encountered in most propulsion and power-generation combustion devices. In this study, the development process of the conceptual swirl burner developed at the Swedish National Centre for Combustion and
