Kommissionen inledde i februari 2000 en omfattande utredning mot Microsoft baserad på Sun Microsystems klagan om Microsofts konkurrensbegränsande förfaranden 1998. Utredningen bestod av två delar; interoperabilitet mellan PC-klientoperativsystemsmarknaden och servermarknaden och integrationen av Windows Media Player i Windows. I mars 2004 kom Kommissionens beslut där de drog slutsatsen att Microso

General principles of law can be defined as a legal foundation with the function of codifying basic values. They can also be of a character, which makes them useful as supplement and interpretation of law. EU has developed principles of law that can be divided into general and special. Within the Union there are existences of around twenty general ones. A further separation can be made in terms of

Nowadays investors have a large number of choices of how they can invest their money. One of their biggest challenges is how to allocate their portfolio between equities, bonds and properties. It can only be shown afterwards, which was the best allocation. That is why it is so popular to look at historical mean-variance to predict the future. In this master thesis historical data is also used to s

I november 2002 började ICA introducera AOB-systemet i sina butiker för att automatisera lagerhållning och orderhantering. Med systemet ska butikerna kunna förutse framtida varubehov och kunna använda sig av ”just in time” lagerhållning för att minimera lagerhållningskostnader. Systemen har introducerats i en liknande miljö med likartade resurser men ändå har det uppstått skillnader när det gäller

From the end of the 18th century, agriculture in Sweden changed dramatically due to enclosures in the parishes with freeholders. In the parishes with noble tenants, land was instead redistributed according to a manorial landlords’ decision. The first aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the enclosure movements on social differentiation. The second aim of this paper is to compare the socia

Vid uppsägningar på grund av arbetsbrist ska arbetsgivaren enligt huvudregeln i 22 § 4 st LAS upprätta en turordningslista efter anställningstid för berörda arbetstagare. På listan ges arbetstagare med lång anställning företräde till fortsatt anställning framför arbetstagare med kortare anställningstid. Detta har påverkat olika grupper av arbetstagare på olika sätt. I uppsatsen behandlas invandrar

Since the Chinese innovators suffer from unfair competition from imitators, the thesis identifies three obstacles facing the entrepreneurs. First, the entrepreneurial environment lacks networks and collaboration between industries and research institutions. Second, weak property rights and government interventions generate a vague and insecure legal system. Third, SOEs enjoy soft budget constrains

Efter drygt trettio år av diskussioner och förhandlingar kunde enighet bland EUs medlemsländer uppnås och rättsakterna: förordningen om stadga för europabolag och det kompletterande direktivet om arbetstagarinflytande i europabolag antas den 8 oktober 2001. Då medlemsländerna ej kunde enas om att europabolagen endast skulle lyda under EUs lagar, överlämnades flertalet frågor att regleras via natio

Abstract Following the 2004 EU-enlargement, the UK granted free movements of workers to nationals from the eight new member states (A8). There was a widespread concern in other European countries regarding the expected large inflow of A8 migrants, and consequently twelve of the old EU member states decided to implement transitional restrictions. This lead to a relatively large inflow of A8 migrant

Abuse of alcohol is one of the biggest problems that society faces today. There are between three and four hundred thousand abusers in Sweden. In addition there are about three hundred thousand over consumers. The government bill proposed in 1977 gave the labour market most of the responsibility to solve the problem. They thought a meaningful job and a spirit of community were the most important f

Kommunikationsteknikens framväxt och en allt mer intensifierad konkurrens har bidragit till att marknadsföringen tagit en mer intensiv och närgången form. Genom att rikta reklamen direkt till den potentiella kunden har det också blivit nödvändigt att behandla diverse personuppgifter. Ett medium som blivit viktigt för marknadsföraren är Internet och att därigenom skicka direkt marknadsföring till e

The thesis studied the localisation determinants of foreign direct investment, in order to achieve a better understanding of how developing countries may attract FDI and acquire capital and technology. The examined determinants are based on previous research and economic theories. Founded on localisation advantages, an econometric regression analysis is used as a method to test the relevant locati

The general theory of international trade points out that the economic growth of a country will be significantly affected by global economic fluctuation if this country shows an increased dependence on foreign countries in the economic field. After the Chinese government adopted reform and opening up policy in 1978, many exciting changes could be seen in this country. Now, although China is still

When the EU expanded to include ten new countries, the popular opinion was that this would inevitably lead to large increases in trade flows between eastern and western Europe. However, economists have studied the potential for increased trade between the two regions since the fall of the Berlin wall, and much of the evidence indicates that the EU already had a very good bilateral trade relationsh

This paper has its starting point with the discrepancy between the ICPD Plan of Action and the Millennium Development Goals with regards to their separate emphasis on the importance of family planning services as a reproductive health component. The population problem can be looked upon from various theoretical schools. This paper examines the sharply contrasting views of economists, on the one ha

The foreign exchange market is known as one of the most efficient markets in the world, has a daily turnover of approximately $1.9 trillion and is open 24 hours a day seven days a week. In difference to what most people believe 80-95% of the market activity is of purely speculative behaviour. In order to speculate in market movements the investor needs to make a prediction of the future spot rate.

Bakgrund till studien ges dels i en genomgång av hur IT-stöd och systemutveckling inom vård och omsorg fungerar, dels framväxten av den Nationella IT-strategin och dess förankring inom kommun och landsting. E-recept är en prioriterad fråga i den Nationella IT-strategin. Dess framgångsrika genomförande på alla nivåer och att användandet av e-recept är världsledande i internationell statistik gör at

Forskningsrön tyder på att organisatoriska och sociala faktorer är den största anledningen till att 90 % av implementeringarna av ERP-system misslyckas. Förespråkarna för involvering av användarna för lyckad implementering är många. I denna studie har vi belyst en fallstudie i en relativt liten livsmedelsorganisation där det har studerats vikten av kommunikation och kommunikationsrutiner för att t

This paper is about the psychosocial work environment, and those factors that can be responsible for an employee’s sick leave. We have through our knowledge from working life, on several occasions experienced colleagues becoming ill, the cause being the psychosocial working environment. Private factors, for instance different kinds of life crisis like a divorce or uprooting, have contributed to th

Earnings assimilation is the process of convergence between the wages of e.g. women and men or a native and an immigrant. Frequently people refer to earnings assimilation as a way to look into the level of integration of an individual. But it is important to note that the fact that a person earns as much as the one that surround them or even above the average does not mean that he or she is integr