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In this chapter, we explore mathematical tools for assessing the stability, convergence, and boundedness of trajectories in generally nonlinear dynamical systems. We delve into the seminal theorems introduced by A. Lyapunov which are primarily concerned with the stability of equilibrium points. The chapter progresses to discuss the extension of Lyapunov's Theory, due to LaSalle, aimed at assessing

Retrieving episodic memories often involves reconstructing both their semantic content and the emotional context in which they occurred. However, the neural mechanisms that differentiate these forms of reinstatement remain poorly understood. This event-related potential (ERP) study examines how semantic category and emotional valence are reinstated during memory retrieval.Seventy participants enco

Ultrasound Optical Tomography (UOT) combines the high-resolution imaging capability of ultrasound with measurements of light absorption and scattering properties of human tissue. In this work, UOT working at 794.2 nm wavelength and equipped with a spectral hole burning filter was used to image through 5 cm thick tissue phantoms with embedded cubic 12 × 12 × 12 mm3 inclusions at a 2.5 cm depth. In

Abstract: The radiative decays χc1(3872) → ψ(2S) γ and χc1(3872) → J/ψγ are used to probe the nature of the χc1(3872) state using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1. Using the B+ → χc1(3872)K+ decay, the χc1(3872) → ψ(2S) γ process is observed for the first time and the ratio of its partial width to that of the χc1(387

Tendons are hierarchically structured and composed of load-bearing collagen. Their hierarchical structure allows the transfer of tensile forces across multiple length scales as loads are partitioned from the whole tendon through fascicles, fibers, and fibrils down to the tropocollagen molecules. To elucidate their structural hierarchical deformation, this study investigated the combined tissue, fi

Osteoderms, skeletal structures in the skin, are found in many animals and serve diverse roles. In some lizards, the bony osteoderm has a capping tissue (CT) whose composition and structure remain unknown. Here, the composition and nanostructure of osteoderms from the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) are investigated. The CT is highly mineralized with an extraordinarily high elastic modu

The majority of soil carbon (C) is stored in organic matter associated with reactive minerals. These mineral-organic associations (MOAs) inhibit microbial and enzymatic access to organic matter, suggesting that organic C within MOAs is resistant to decomposition. However, plant roots and rhizosphere microbes are known to transform minerals through dissolution and exchange reactions, implying that

Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest and densest stellar systems in the Universe, yet how they form remains a mystery1. Here we present a suite of cosmological simulations in which both dark-matter-free GCs and dark-matter-rich dwarf galaxies naturally emerge in the Standard Cosmology. We show that these objects inhabit distinct locations in the size–luminosity plane and that they have sim

In this work we find a unifying scheme for the known explicit complex-valued eigenfunctions on the classical compact Riemannian symmetric spaces. For this we employ the well-known Cartan embedding for those spaces. This also leads to the construction of new eigenfunctions on the quaternionic Grassmannians

With their superficially shark-like appearance, the Mesozoic ichthyosaurs provide a classic illustration of major morphological adaptations in an ancestrally terrestrial tetrapod lineage following the invasion of marine habitats1, 2–3. Much of what is known about ichthyosaur soft tissues derives from specimens with body outlines4, 5–6. However, despite offering insights into aspects of biology tha

Let $G$ be a Lie group equipped with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. Let $K$ be a semisimple and normal subgroup of $G$ generating a left-invariant conformal foliation $\F$ on $G$. We then show that the foliation $\F$ is Riemannian and minimal. This means that locally the leaves of $\F$ are fibres of a harmonic morphism. We also prove that if the metric restricted to $K$ is biinvariant then $\

BACKGROUND: Long COVID and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), present significant healthcare challenges. Long-term monitoring is challenging due to the evolving nature of symptoms and the limited availability of objective diagnostic tools. With over 200 million electrocardiogram (ECG)-enabled smartwatches sold worldwide, these devices

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of quantile-parameterized distributions (QPDs) as a tool for capturing expert predictions and parametric judgments. We survey a range of methods for constructing distributions that are parameterized by a set of quantile-probability pairs and describe an approach to generalizing them to enhance their tail flexibility. Furthermore, we explore the extensio

ODIN (Optical and Diffraction Imaging with Neutrons) is a general purpose imaging in- strument under construction at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The instrument will provide the scientific community with a wide array of neutron imaging techniques, including neutron tomography. Coupled with an integrated X-ray source, the instrument will feature multi-modal capabilities. The complementary

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between war and media in the context of the Israel-Hamas war, which broke out after Hamas attacked Israel on October 7th, 2023. The textual news content of two sources were selected for analysis, CNN, in the first three months of conflict, and IRNA, in the first week of conflict. An exploratory mixed methods research was devised for unde

Plattrambroar är den vanligaste brotypen i Sverige. Dessa konstruktioner är robusta och motståndskraftiga, med förmåga att ta upp betydande laster och motstå deformationer. På grund av strukturens utformning genereras stora tvångskrafter vid infästningen mellan farbana och ramben vid temperaturlaster såsom temperaturskillnad mellan konstruktionsdelar och temperaturgradienter i broplattan. Dessa tv

This thesis explores BDSM as a socially embedded, ethically complex, and transformative practice situated at the intersection of intimacy, power, and identity. Drawing on qualitative data from an anonymous online survey of thirty-eight BDSM practitioners, the study analyzes how power, consent, performance, and rituals function both as personal expressions and as practices shaped by broader social

This study investigates the impacts of rural tourism on the livelihoods of communities in the Sigiriya region of Sri Lanka, a UNESCO World Heritage site celebrated for its cultural and natural heritage. Adopting a qualitative case study approach, it integrates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) and Dependency Theory to examine both the developmental opportunities and structural constraint