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Animal flight represents a great challenge and model for biomimetic design efforts. Powered flight at low speeds requires not only appropriate lifting surfaces (wings) and actuator (engine), but also an advanced sensory control system to allow maneuvering in confined spaces, and take-off and landing. Millions of years of evolutionary tinkering has resulted in modern birds and bats, which are achie
In this work, we propose a novel method for quantifying distances between Toeplitz structured covariance matrices. By exploiting the spectral representation of Toeplitz matrices, the proposed distance measure is defined based on an optimal mass transport problem in the spectral domain. This may then be interpreted in the covariance domain, suggesting a natural way of interpolating and extrapolatin
Purpose: The task-based assessment of image quality using model observers is increasingly used for the assessment of different imaging modalities. However, the performance computation of model observers needs standardization as well as a well-established trust in its implementation methodology and uncertainty estimation. The purpose of this work was to determine the degree of equivalence of the ch
In this work, we propose new methods for information fusion and tracking in direction of arrival (DOA) estimation by utilizing an optimal mass transport framework. Sensor array measurements in DOA estimation may not be consistent due to misalignments and calibration errors. By using optimal mass transport as a notion of distance for combining the information obtained from all the sensor arrays, we
Cells and organelles are small units for biochemical synthetic purposes, often the smallest practically feasible unit since they contain coenzyme regenerating system, ordered enzyme sequences, etc.These volumes, besides giving some insight into basic technology (immobilisation procedures, etc.), also sum up the current know-how in this subject area and try to predict some future trends. The term i
The R+-F+-Consistency problem takes as input two sets R+ and R- of resolved triplets and two sets F+ and F- of fan triplets, and asks for a distinctly leaf-labeled tree that contains all elements in R+ ⊂ F+ and no elements in R- ⊂ F- as embedded subtrees, if such a tree exists. This article presents a detailed characterization of how the computational complexity of the problem changes under variou
We report on an experimental demonstration of spatially-resolved detection of atomic hydrogen in flames using a single-ended configuration yielding 656-nm lasing in the backward direction upon 2-photon pumping with 205-nm femtosecond laser pulses. Spatial resolution is achieved by temporally-resolved detection of the backward lasing using a streak camera. The method is demonstrated in CH4/O2 flame
In this work, we propose a novel method for interpolation and extrapolation of Toeplitz structured covariance matrices. By considering a spectral representation of Toeplitz matrices, we use an optimal mass transport problem in the spectral domain in order to define a notion of distance between such matrices. The obtained optimal transport plan naturally induces a way of interpolating, as well as e
Tumor hypoxia is associated with several features of aggressive glioma growth, including migration, invasion, and stemness. Most of the cellular adaptation to hypoxia is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, but regulation of these factors by both oxygen-dependent and –independent mechanisms in brain tumors is only partially understood. Here, we show that the p75 neurotrophi
Parasites can vary in the number of host species they infect, a trait known as “host specificity”. Here we quantify phylogenetic signal—the tendency for closely related species to resemble each other more than distantly related species—in host specificity of avian haemosporidian parasites (genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) using data from MalAvi, the global avian haemosporidian da
Estimating the parameters of non-uniformly sampled multi-dimensional damped modes is computationally cumbersome, especially if the model order of the signal is not assumed to be known a priori. In this work, we examine the possibility of using the recently introduced wideband dictionary framework to formulate a computationally efficient estimator that iteratively refines the estimates of the candi
We demonstrate range-resolved detection of atomic hydrogen in methane/oxygen flames based on 2-photon excited backward lasing using 205-nm femtosecond laser pulses. Range resolution is achieved by temporally resolving the backward emission with a streak camera.
The area of immobilized cells and organelles has expanded very fast. Many new techniques for the preparation of immobilized cells have been developed during the last decade, especially during the last 5 years. Concomitantly with this availability of methods for obtaining suitable preparations, a rather broad spectrum of applications have been investigated. The preparations used have been based on
For the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge, nonintrusive quantitative measurement of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) released during the devolatilization phase of straw pellets gasification is demonstrated with high spatial and temporal resolution. Mid-infrared degenerate four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM) measurements of HCN were performed by probing the interference-free P(20) line in the v 1 vibr
In experimental studies, eosinophils have been shown to promote the survival, proliferation, and retention of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The clinical significance of eosinophils in plasma cell disorders (PCDs) in humans is largely unknown. This study focuses on the frequency and phenotype of eosinophils in the BM and peripheral blood (PB) in patients with untreated PCD compared with hea
Birds, particularly raptors, are believed to forage primarily using visual cues. However, raptor foraging tactics are highly diverse – from chasing mobile prey to scavenging – which may reflect adaptations of their visual systems. To investigate this, we studied the visual field configuration of 15 species of diurnal Accipitriformes that differ in such tactics, first focusing on the binocular fiel
Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in late stage Parkinson's disease (PD), as the frequency and severity of most of these symptoms increase with advancing disease. Objective: To assess effect of dopaminergic therapy on NMS in late stage PD and to investigate relationships between dopaminergic effect on NMS and on motor function. Method: Thirty PD patients in Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages
