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In 2021, neutron structures of oxidised and reduced human manganese superoxide dismutase were published, suggesting several unexpected features, including deprotonated glutamate, tyrosine and histidine residues and a reduced Mn ion with two hydroxide ligands. We have used quantum refinement to evaluate whether alternative interpretations of the structures are possible, comparing many structural mo
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning:Elfordon uppfattas ofta som en modern uppfinning, men elektriskt drivna fordon har funnits sedan slutet av artonhundratalet. De första helelektriska personbilarna, bussarna och lastbilarna utvecklades redan innan förbränningsmotorn slog igenom.För att förstå varför elektriska störningar spelar en så viktig roll i dagens elfordon kan man börja med en enkel bild. TThe rapid electrification of heavy-duty vehicles has introduced traction voltage systems (TVS) with electrical scale and complexity not previously seen in on-road applications. Multiple power electronic subsystems interact through long cables and frequency-dependent impedances, making conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) a system-level phenomenon. Differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM
The built environment faces a growing functional mismatch in which a persistent affordable housing shortage coincides with rising office vacancy rates. In this context, adaptive reuse is approached in this thesis not only as a strategy for reassigning underused space, but as a building physics and building performance challenge tied to changing the use of existing buildings. The overall objective
Hybrid energy systems have become a promising strategy for enhancing power utilization efficiency while preserving ecology. Previous research has predominantly focused on developing models with fixed ecological constraints. However, the fixed ecological constraints overlook dynamic ecological uncertainty and its interaction with operation decisions. This study proposes adaptive operating rules for
Random Walk is one of the holy grails of Probability Theory. This literature is born from a simple, naggingquestion: what happens to the drunkard’s walk if his steps are no longer equal? The classical theory of randomwalks, a cornerstone of probability, offers elegant answers for the simple, symmetric case. But life and manystochastic models are rarely so uniform.We step into this gap by studying
We report a radical extension of magnetic-resonance spectroscopy to the Terahertz (THz) spectral range by complete polarization-resolved measurement of the linear electromagnetic response of nuclear and electron spin associated magnetic resonance using principles of ellipsometry at high magnetic fields. This new method permits us to accurately test existing models and leads to discovery of new phy
While circular economy (CE) discourse emphasises technology-driven solutions and formal systems, cities in the Global South rely on grassroots waste workers (WWs) in the informal sector, who perform essential circular functions through waste collection, sorting, and recycling. In Delhi, informal WWs contribute substantially to material recovery and fill gaps left by formal solid waste management (
Background: Swedish nationwide family and cancer data offer the largest global resource for study of familial cancer. We focus here on familial risks in prostate cancer (PC) with questions on risk in individuals from families of multiple affected members and association of familial risk with metastatic disease and survival. Methods: Familial relative risk of PC was estimated using standardized inc
Synthesizing representative weather data sets that reflect both typical and extreme conditions is essential for reliable hygrothermal simulations, especially when considering future climates, which involve significant uncertainties. In this study, multiple representative weather data sets are generated using various methods, broadly categorized based on picking the representative months using vari
Managing energy in urban areas is complex due to the diversity of energy users, dynamic environmental conditions, and the increased instability caused by extreme weather events. This work explains the impacts of a new technology based on implanting adaptive reinforcement learning (ARL) into energy management (EM), which is called ARLEM. The technology uses an online, value-based, model-free ARL en
Most clinical laboratories measure total magnesium (tMg) which includes both the ionized (iMg) and bound forms. Only the ionized component is biologically active, and it may be influenced by acid-base status, plasma protein concentrations and electrolyte disturbances, potentially altering how well tMg reflects iMg. This multicenter observational study evaluated the relationship between tMg and iMg
Objectives: Panax ginseng (P. ginseng, C.A. Meyer) is suggested to improve blood glucose regulation, but evidence remains inconsistent. We examined whether consuming P. ginseng as a preload before a carbohydrate-rich meal modulates postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, 22 healthy middle-aged adults consumed P. ginseng tablets containin
Cardiac arrest causes an abrupt cessation of circulation, which rapidly leads to global ischaemia and hypoxia. Immediate and competent care is vital, and even when the circulation has been restored, there is a profound risk of patients never regaining consciousness due to hypoxic–ischaemic brain injury, or death due recurrent cardiac arrest or multiorgan failure. The complex pattern of symptoms se
Bacteriophages exert strong selective pressure on bacterial populations and play a central role in shaping microbial evolution. In response to phage predation, bacteria have evolved diverse antiphage defence mechanisms that interfere with viral replication through a wide range of molecular strategies. Recent genomic studies have revealed a rapidly expanding repertoire of candidate defence systems,
Lignins are aromatic polymers found in fibrous plants, and a major side-product of paper pulping. They are under exploited due to a combination of economic and technical challenges. Valorisation efforts aim to resolve this, but these rely on informative and reliable analytical feedback. The diverse and complex structures of compounds found in lignins makes analysis difficult. This thesis outlines
Det här är en resultatrapport från den enkätundersökning som gick ut till samtliga Sveriges kommuner under hösten 2020. Rapporten behandlar underhållet av kommunala gator och cykelvägar, och enkäten genomfördes av två doktorander inom ramen för forskningsprogrammet Mistra InfraMaint. Enkäten besvarades av 147 av 290 kommuner, vilket ger en svarsfrekvens på 51 procent. Resultaten visar bland annat
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a transformative tool in genome editing, playing a pivotal role in enabling precise genetic engineering. Achieving high on-target efficiency while minimizing off-target activity is critical for translating CRISPR/Cas9 into reliable experimental and therapeutic applications. Conventional off-target detection methods are labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive, lim
