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The atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons during the 1950s and early 1960s produced large amounts of radiocarbon. This 14C bomb pulse provides useful age information in numerous scientific fields, e.g. in geosciences and environmental sciences. Bomb-pulse dating can also be used to date human material (e.g. in forensics and medical science). Bombpulse dating relies on precise measurements of the
The majority of breast cancers express estrogen receptor α (ERα), and most patients with ERα-positive breast cancer benefit from antiestrogen therapy. The ERα-modulator tamoxifen and ERα-downregulator fulvestrant are commonly employed antiestrogens. Antiestrogen resistance remains a clinical challenge, with few effective treatments available for patients with antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer.
Environmental exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals have been suggested as a risk factor for male genital abnormalities such as hypospadias. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association between fetal exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants (POP) and the risk for hypospadias.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate early changes in uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) in vivo and in vitro in a squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line originating from a human head and neck SCC during cytotoxic therapy with respect to metabolism in tumor cells and in surrounding stromal tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 60 nude mice with xenografted SCC, 50 animals were
Objective: To locate components and target proteins of relevance for the cAMP and cGMP signaling networks including cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs), salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), subunits of Na+, K+-ATPases, and aquaporins (AQPs) in the human saccule. Methods: The human saccule was dissected out during the removal of vestibular schwannoma via the translabyrinthine approach and immediately
Different short-term spectrum estimators for speaker verification under additive noise are considered. Conventionally, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are computed from discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spectra of windowed speech frames. Recently, linear prediction (LP) and its temporally weighted variants have been substituted as the spectrum analysis method in speech and speaker recog
Background: This study has investigated the specific relationship between childhood adversities, individual trauma symptoms and the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The aim was to examine whether different self-reported adverse experiences and trauma symptoms predict the need to engage in NSSI, either to regulate emotions or to communicate with and influence others. Method: The partic
Magnesium, the second and fourth most abundant cation in the intracellular compartment and whole body, respectively, is of great physiologic importance. Magnesium exists as bound and free ionized forms depending on temperature, pH, ionic strength, and competing ions. Free magnesium participates in many biochemical processes and is most commonly measured by ion-selective electrode. This analytical
A likelihood-based discriminant for the identification of quark- and gluon-initiated jets is built and validated using 4.7 fb of proton-proton collision data at collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Data samples with enriched quark or gluon content are used in the construction and validation of templates of jet properties that are the input to the likelihood-based discriminant. The discrim
South Africa is a complex and dynamic society, with overwhelming and increasing problems with disaster risk in the vulnerable urban communities in and around its rapidly growing metropolitan centres. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of the challenges for disaster risk reduction in such communities. It focuses on the case of Imizamo Yethu, in the Western Cape, in order to b
The Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) family proteins are comprised of five human proteins including BEX1, BEX2, BEX3, BEX4 and BEX5. BEX family proteins are expressed in a wide range of tissues and are known to play a role in neuronal development. Recent studies suggest a role of BEX family proteins in cancers. BEX1 expression is lost in a subgroup of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and c
Long-term mallard capture-recapture data from Sweden and Finland were analyzed to describe temporal mortality patterns and reasons. We used program MARK and Seber models to estimate annual survival (S) and recovery (r) rates. Survival rates were used in a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the correspondence between observed and predicted annual population sizes of a Finnish sub-population. About
The growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC has been identified as one of the most promising techniques to produce graphene for electronic applications. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the electronic and structural properties of large-area quasifree standing epitaxial monolayer graphene grown on top of the SiC(0001) surface. For this purpose, we combine the thermal treatment of SiC in
Purpose: We determined if the deliberate establishment of asymptomatic bacteriuria with Escherichia coli 83972 in patients with incomplete bladder emptying and recurrent urinary tract infection protects against recurrence. Materials and Methods: In phase 1 of the study the patients were randomized to blinded inoculations with E. coli 83972 or saline. Crossover occurred after monitoring for 12 mont
Hairdressing work is classified as carcinogenic based on excess risk for bladder cancer. We aimed at evaluating if current hairdressers are exposed to established/suspected bladder carcinogens (aromatic amines) and indicate possible sources of exposure.
The satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is used for estimating gross primary production (GPP), often includes contributions from both mosses and vascular plants in boreal ecosystems. For the same NDVI, moss can generate only about one-third of the GPP that vascular plants can because of its much lower photosynthetic capacity. Here, based on eddy covariance measur
Tyler, G. 2010: Variability in colour, metallic lustre, and body size of Carabus arvensis Herbst, 1784 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to habitat properties.-Entomol. Fennica 21: 90-96. Objectives are to elucidate whether populations of Carabus arvensis Herbst, 1784 from contrasting habitats differ in (i) colour, (ii) brightness of metal lustre, or (iii) body size (length of elytra, of elytra
Popular Abstract in Swedish HIV består av två besläktade virusvarianter, HIV-1 och HIV-2. Båda kan orsaka uttalad immunbrist (AIDS) hos drabbade individer, men detta sker långsammare vid HIV-2. HIV-1 är viruset som orsakat den globala HIV epidemin medan HIV-2 främst hittas i Västafrika. HIV infekterar kroppens immunceller genom att binda till vissa äggviteämnen på cellytan. Efter inbindning till CHIV-1 infection of CD4+ immune cells requires the assistance of cellular coreceptors. The regulation of these receptors is highly dynamic. In addition to the major coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, several alternative coreceptors mediate entry for selected HIV isolates in vitro, although their role in vivo is yet to be established. Compartmentalized HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system (CNS) m
