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I mängdreglerade entreprenadavtal förtecknar beställaren arbetena som entreprenören ska utföra i en mängdförteckning. Entreprenören prissätter sedan mängdförteckningen genom att ange ett à-pris för respektive enhet arbete. I mängdförteckningen finns en preliminär uppskattad mängd för varje typ av arbete. Mängden är typiskt sett reglerbar vilket innebär att mängden arbete mäts upp när entreprenörenIn quantity-regulated construction contracts, the work that the contractor must perform is listed in a bill of quantities. The contractor then prices the bill of quantities by specifying a price for each type of work. Within the bill of quantities, there is a preliminary estimated quantity for each type of work. This quantity is typically adjustable, meaning that the amount of work is measured whe

Abort har länge varit en kontroversiell fråga med svåra juridiska och etiska gränsdragningar. År 2021 införde Polen lagar som kraftigt begränsade kvinnors rätt till abort. Genom det uppmärksammade fallet Dobbs v. Jackson år 2022 togs den konstitutionellt skyddade aborträtten bort i USA. Dessa händelser ledde till att Sveriges regering år 2023 tillsatte en utredning gällande möjligheten att införa The subject of abortion has long been a controversial issue consisting of diffi-cult legal and ethical questions. In 2021, Poland introduced new restrictive laws which severely restricts women’s right to abortion. The verdict from the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson in 2022 overturned the verdict of Roe v. Jackson from 1973 which ensured a right to abortion throu

Denna uppsats berör 5 kap 6 § utlänningslag (2005:716) om ömmande om-ständigheter för barn. Bestämmelsen innebär en möjlighet att beviljas uppe-hållstillstånd när ingen annan grund finns då det skulle anses strida mot hu-maniteten att utvisa utlänningen. För barn har det sedan 2014 räckt att inneha särskilt ömmande omständigheter för att kunna beviljas uppehållstillstånd, men från 1 dec 2023 måsteThis essay addresses Chapter 5, Section 6, Subsection 2 of the Swedish Al-iens Act (UtlL) regarding compelling circumstances for children. The purpose of this essay has been to investigate the differences between ex-ceptionally compelling circumstances, but not with the same severity and gravity as for adults, and particularly compelling circumstances from a child rights perspective. This has bee

Under de senaste åren har de kriminella nätverken växt sig starkare i Sverige. Av den anledningen har den svenska regeringen presenterat ett förslag om att förbjuda deltagande i sådana organisationer. Uppsatsen avser att utreda om ett förbud mot deltagande i kriminella organisationer kan och bör genomföras i svensk rätt. Som grund för utredningen används en rättsdogmatisk och rättsanalytisk metodDuring the last years criminal organisations have grown stronger in Sweden. For that reason, the Swedish government has presented a proposal to criminalize participation in such organisations. The purpose of the study is to examine if a criminalization to participate in criminal organisations can and should be implemented in Swedish law. The study is based on a legal dogmatic and legal analytical

Artificial Intelligence has existed for many years and keeps developing. AI has become better at generating new works, for example music, which raises a question of whether AI can potentially infringe on copyright. This thesis examines the legal framework regarding copyright and AI and whether AI used in music can constitute a copyright infringement. The question that is focused on is “To what ext

I detta kandidatarbete stod en fråga i fokus: vilken roll spelar kvantsammanflätning i en kvantmekanisk Otto-motor? För den allmänna läsaren kan denna fråga låta ganska obegriplig: Vad är kvantsammanflätning? Vad är en kvantmekanisk Otto-motor? Och kanske allra viktigast –- varför är detta överhuvudtaget intressant att utforska? Syftet med denna sammanfattning är att försöka besvara dessa frågor, An emerging research topic in quantum thermodynamics is the study of entangled quantum heat engines, where the working medium consists of an entangled quantum system. These engines offer exciting platforms for exploring fundamental aspects of quantum thermodynamics, its intersection with quantum information theory and the nature of entanglement in general. In this bachelor’s thesis, the performanc

This study examines the determinants of player salaries in Europe’s top five men’s football leagues (Premier League, La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga, Ligue 1), focusing on the impact of player representation models for forward players. We compare players represented by football agencies versus those represented by relatives, and explore whether agency size affects salaries. Drawing on principal-agent

Linjär lösning på ett icke-linjärt problem - effektiv filtrering i hornhögtalare Hornhögtalare är effektiva och skapar högt ljud men till priset av ljudkvaliteten. Genom linjär filtrering kan man få det bästa av två världar: minskade icke-linjära distorsioner och hög effektivitet. I vägen mot en säkrare värld spelar hornhögtalaren en viktig roll. Hornhögtalaren är förknippad med höga ljudnivåer This thesis aims to characterize and counteract the wave steepening effect in a horn loaded loudspeaker. The report consists of two main parts. The first part, the characterization of the horn speaker system, focuses on investigating and understanding the signal distortions introduced by the speaker system. In particular, non-linear distortion is examined to determine any parameter dependence of t

Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecological malignancies, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) being the most aggressive and prevalent subtype. This heterogeneous disease is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage and is associated with high relapse rates. Increasing attention is being directed toward the tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex and dynamic network of non-cancer

Transformation as an adaptation response can help align risk aversion practices with goals of sustainability and social justice. This lies in its ability to drive deep reaching changes in socio-environmental structures through critically examining and restructuring dominant power structures. This thesis applies Pelling et al’s (2015) transformative adaptation framework to a case-study of a technol

Med utgångspunkt i den ökade utbrändheten och den skenande klimatkrisen fokuserar denna studie på skogsbad som en arena där båda problem kan hanteras. Genom Hartmut Rosas resonansteori konceptualiseras dessa problem som en effekt av en skadad relation mellan människa och värld. För att hantera problemet krävs därför en förbättrad relation till världen, en relation som Rosa beskriver som resonant.

För att byggbranschen ska kunna uppnå de klimatmål som satts upp måste det ske en förändring. Förändringarna måste bidra till minskade utsläpp samtidigt som den byggtakt som krävs upprätthålls. Idag står bygg- och fastighetssektorn för mer än en femtedel av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp, där värmeisoleringen är en bidragande orsak till utsläppen. Genom att byta ut konventionell isolering och istället For the construction industry to meet the established climate targets, a transformation is necessary. These changes must lead to reduced emissions while maintaining the pace of construction. Currently, the construction and real estate sector accounts for more than one fifth of Sweden’s carbon dioxide emissions, with insulation being a contributing factor. By replacing conventional insulation with

This research studies vegetation dynamics in the West Bank under ongoing occupation using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Using annual NDVI composites from 2017 to 2024, the NDVI change across Area A, B and C, areas with different control established during the Oslo agreements, were studied. The results show broadly uniform NDVI patterns across t

As generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) rapidly transforms sectors, regulators are racing to keep pace with technologies that evolve faster than legal frameworks can adapt. These systems, powered by large language models or foundation models, are not only capable of generating human-like content but also demonstrate behaviors that shift depending on their data, deployment, and interaction con

This thesis examines whether the current EU competition law framework, particularly Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, is sufficient to regulate algorithmic collusion. As pricing algorithms become more autonomous and capable of producing supra-competitive outcomes without direct human input, concerns arise about whether such behaviour fits within existing legal categories like “concerted practice” or “abu

This study aims to understand and contribute to the general knowledge of the experiences and perceptions of social services officials working in the public social service sector in a relatively small municipality in Southern Sweden, regarding changes made to the workflow as a consequence of reorganization within the unit for adult care initiatives. This premise provides a good overview of the char

Vindkraftverken skjuter i höjden i och med att tekniken blir allt bättre. Detta medan de verk som står ute och snurrar på de allra bästa platserna börjar närma sig slutet på sin livstid. I ljuset av rådande klimatproblem samt samhällets behov av energi kan så kallad repowering, det vill säga uppgradering av anläggningar som producerar förnybar energi vara en möjlighet. Uppgraderingarna görs för atIn the context of the current climate crisis and a growing need for electricity, renewable energy plays an important role. Repowering means upgrading existing renewable energy production with new, more efficient technology to increase production in older sites. Wind-power technology has developed significantly in the last few years and upgrading wind parks in the most suitable locations is relevan

Biofilms in the dairy and food industry, particularly those formed by Bacillus subtilis, present significant contamination and food safety challenges. This thesis investigates the impact of stainless steel surface properties, specifically oxide layer formation and surface roughness of polished coupons, on biofilm development. Bacillus subtilis SA 22 (NCA 72-52; DSM 4181) was cultivated using a CDC

Given the increasing share of renewable energy, particularly solar power, there is a growing attention to resource use and disposal challenges associated with Photovoltaic (PV) modules. PV modules consist of multiple layers of materials like silicon, silver, aluminum, glass, and polymers, which makes them difficult to dismantle and recycle. Many recycling methods involve toxic chemicals and create