Disease progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is delayed by HIV type 2 (HIV-2) in individuals with dual HIV-1/HIV-2 infection. The protective mechanisms, however, are still to be revealed. In the current study we examined type-specific and cross-reactive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in HIV-1 and HIV-2 monoinfection or dual infection. Of note, intertype cross

A study was performed to verify the effect of ciprofloxacin on the production of interleukin-2 and other cytokines in cultures of human peripheral lymphocytes. In the presence of ciprofloxacin, lymphocytes demonstrated increased synthesis of interleukin-2 (100-fold, 7-fold and 1.5-fold increase at ciprofloxacin concentrations of 80, 20 and 5 μg/ml respectively), as measured by radioimmunoassay. Sy

Foscarnet has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human T and B lymphocytes in vitro. The production of lymphokines was more strongly affected than the DNA synthesis. Monocyte function was only partly inhibited by the highest foscarnet concentration tried. The influence of foscarnet on the immune system could explain the beneficial effect observed in patients with HBV-related fulminant hepa

This article focuses on the negotiated distinction between commercial and non-commercial spheres of life through the phenomenon of lifestyle entrepreneurship. Lifestyle entrepreneurship is a concept used for a form of self-employment, based on the business owner´s own hobby or lifestyle. The article is based on a study of lifestyle enterprising in the tourism and hospitality industries in southern

The initiative at the Burj El Barajneh camp is run by a network of local associations, and aims at improving living conditions, services, infrastructure and livelihoods for the inhabitants. Burj el Barajneh has a large number of active associations and many highly educated professionals. However, in this kind of complex hyperdense context any kind of change needs to be carefully considered, there

Numerous vulnerabilities have been noted in the current structures of the Gulf economies, including dependency on hydrocarbon exports, the need for fiscal reforms and alternative sources of state revenue, as well as limited incentives in the status-quo for initiative and productive activities. However, diversification, business development and transition away from hydrocarbon dependency require th

The tensions between tendencies to support and reject that can be observed in reception measures for newly-arrived students in Sweden are a consequence both of the general climate of hostility towards immigration in Europe, and features particular to Sweden. The paper summarises the historical background to the present situation, from the 1960s onwards, and points to some of the impacts for teache

The paper presents the synthesis of a series of studies on support measures for pupils with additional languages in Sweden, with a particular focus on the consequences of language support measures for teaching and learning school mathematics. The analysis identifies several critical aspects in mathematics teaching when the pupils transition from one school system to another, and particularly when

The study makes an inventory of learning opportunities young people were offered in connection with CEI 2016, one of the annual international conferences organized by the NGO named Caretakers of the Environment International (CEI), which year 2016 took place in Aalborg in Denmark. The learning opportunities offered by this transnational learning community are discussed in relation to some essentia

Multifunktionella byggnader karaktäriseras av att flera olika funktioner (verksamheter) finns inom en och samma byggnad. Ofta är några av funktionerna att betrakta som samhällsviktiga. Brandskyddet i sådana byggnader är av största vikt med hänsyn till att ett stort antal personer kan befinna sig i byggnaden samtidigt som en brand skulle kunna orsaka förlust av samhällsviktiga funktioner. Vidare ha

This chapter aims to discuss the meaning and implication, in terms of international law, of the concept of permanence with accountability in the framework of the tenth Review Conference of the States party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and in the interval between this and the next Review Conference. After contextualizing the concept of permanence with accountabili