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The end-Permian mass extinction, ∼252 million years ago, is notable for a complex recovery period of ∼5 Myr. Widespread euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) oceanic conditions have been proposed as both extinction mechanism and explanation for the protracted recovery period, yet the vertical distribution of anoxia in the water column and its temporal dynamics through this time period are poorly constrain
Radionuclide therapy is the use of radioactive drugs for internal radiotherapy, mainly for the treatment of metastatic disease. As opposed to systemic cancer therapies in general, the use of radioactively labeled drugs results not only in a targeted therapy but also the possibility of imaging the distribution of the drug during therapy. From such images, the absorbed doses delivered to tumors and
The taxonomy, diversity, evolutionary lineages, and stratigraphical distributions of Middle and early Late Triassic conodonts are reviewed and re-evaluated. Twenty-five genera are recognized in the Middle and early Late Triassic, including a new genus cited in open nomenclature. Of these, 24 genera are assigned to two families and seven subfamilies. The family Gondolellidae consists of the subfami
We present new data on the structure and age of the upper Permian strata in the basin of the Setorym River (tributary of the Vostochnaya Khandyga River) in the South Verkhoyansk region, represented by the Imtachan Formation and the lower part of the Nekuchan Formation. Based on the new findings of bivalve fossils from the Intomodesma costatum Zone, as well as on the study of carbon isotopes in the
Samples from strata spanning the Triassic-Jurassic boundary at the GSSP at Kuhjoch and at Kendlbachgraben were studied by NAA, XRF and combustion analysis to determine Ir levels and associated geochemistry. The results are compared to previously determined carbon isotope stratigraphy at these sections. Ir concentrations in the limestones of the Kössen Formation at Kuhjoch are very low (<. 10 pg/g)
Elasmobranchs are reported for the first time from Lower Triassic deposits in Oman. The well-preserved remains consist of isolated teeth, dermal denticles and fin spines, recovered from conodont residues. The low-palaeolatitude sections consist of Lopingian-Olenekian shallow and pelagic carbonates in exotics, olistoliths and breccia blocks that have been redeposited in younger allochthonous strata
Jiarong (Huishui County, Guizhou Province, South China) is a key locality for the study of the Early Triassic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction. The size reduction of conodonts at the Smithian/Spathian transition was first documented in Jiarong, and it is also a locality that contributes to the documentation of the Early Triassic paleo-seawater temperatures. In the Jiarong sections, t
Plants have developed complex molecular mechanisms to recognize and respond to the different microorganisms present in their surroundings. The most studied response mechanisms are plant defense responses. These defense response mechanisms share many similar components with the plant response mechanisms to beneficial microbes. Therefore, studying the defense response mechanisms against pathogens caPlants have developed complex molecular mechanisms to recognize and respond to the different microorganisms present in their surroundings. The most studied response mechanisms are plant defense responses. These defense response mechanisms share many similar components with the plant response mechanisms to beneficial microbes. Therefore, studying the defense response mechanisms against pathogens ca
The first recovery of the conodont Hindeodus parvus from Žiri (Slovenia) a few years ago highlights this area for Early Triassic biostratigraphical study. Systematic sampling of five sections in the Idrija-Žiri area has yielded the new species Platyvillosus corniger sp. nov. and Neospathodus planus sp. nov. Based on these new species and other conodont elements collect
This work aims to investigate pool boiling heat transfer enhancement by using nanostructured surfaces. Two types of nanostructured surfaces were employed, gold nanoparticle-coated surfaces and alumina nanoparticle-coated surfaces. The nanostructured surfaces were fabricated by an electrophoretic deposition technique, depositing nanoparticles in a nanofluid onto smooth copper surfaces under an elec
Ocean acidification triggered by Siberian Trap volcanism was a possible kill mechanism for the Permo-Triassic Boundary mass extinction, but direct evidence for an acidification event is lacking. We present a high-resolution seawater pH record across this interval, using boron isotope data combined with a quantitative modeling approach. In the latest Permian, increased ocean alkalinity primed the E
The recovery of marine ecosystems following a mass extinction event involves an extended interval of increasing biotic diversity and ecosystem complexity. The pace of recovery may be controlled by intrinsic ecosystem or extrinsic environmental factors. Here, we present an analysis of changes in marine conditions following the end-Permian mass extinction with the objective of evaluating the role of
This paper is dedicated to a global correlation of marine Permian-Triassic boundary layers on the basis of partially published and original data on the δ13Corg and δ13Ccarb values of the Suol section (Setorym River, South Verkhoyansk region). The section consists of six carbon isotopic intervals, which are easily distinguishable in the carbon isotopic curves for a series of Permian-Triassic refere
The Kuh e Dena sedimentary section in Iran developed on the southwestern margin of the Neotethys Ocean. The fossil- and bioturbation-lean Early Triassic section (Late Dienerian to Early Smithian) is typified by finely laminated calcareous shales that are interbedded with laterally extending carbonate beds, which are mostly composed of calyx-shaped carbonate crystal fans. The calyxes consist of fib
The global carbon cycle experienced a major perturbation during the Permian-Triassic transition, reflected inter alia in a large increase in the vertical (shallow-to-deep) gradient of carbonate δ13C (δ13Ccarb) in Early Triassic seas. However, the effect of this perturbation on the vertical gradient of organic matter δ13C in seawater (δ13Corg) is less known to date. Here, we examine geographic and
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) defining the base of the Jurassic System Lower Jurassic Epoch and Hettangian Stage is situated at the Kuhjoch pass, Karwendel Mountains, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria (47°29'02"N/11°31'50"E). The Triassic-Jurassic (T-J) boundary is exposed at Kuhjoch West and at Kuhjoch East, and corresponds to the first occurrence (FO)
Final recovery of marine ecosystems after the end-Permian mass extinction took several million years, partly due to inhospitable environments and three episodes of further extinction that occurred during the Early Triassic: in the late Griesbachian, near the Smithian-Spathian boundary (SSB), and in the late Spathian. The SSB crisis coincides with an episode of extreme warmth, but has been little s
New calcareous nannofossil analyses from the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria are herein used to update and improve the state of knowledge about the oldest occurrence of coccolithophores reported in the literature. Previously reported Norian occurrences of coccoliths were based on an obsolete Triassic chronostratigraphy, in which the Rhaetian stage was subsumed into the Norian ('Sevatian 2'). T
The end-Triassic mass extinction (c. 201.6 Ma) was one of the five largest mass-extinction events in the history of animal life. It was also associated with a dramatic, long-lasting change in sedimentation style along the margins of the Tethys Ocean, from generally organic-matter-poor sediments during the Triassic to generally organic-matter-rich black shales during the Jurassic. New core material
A new carbon isotope record with conodont biostratigraphy is presented for the entire Early Triassic from the Musandam Peninsula, United Arab Emirates (UAE). This is a near-continuous and exclusively shallow marine carbonate succession that allows analysis of a high-resolution primary carbon cycling signature in the absence of significant depth-dependent or lithologic controls. The Musandam carbon
