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Background and Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting more than 3 million people in Europe. This paper reviews the published evidence regarding the cost effectiveness of second-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed, using the databases Academic Search Complete, Econlit, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Health econom

OBJECTIVE-Metformin produced weight loss and delayed or prevented diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). We examined its long-term safety and tolerability along with weight loss, and change in waist circumference during the DPP and its long-term follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-The randomized double-blind clinical trial of metformin or placebo followed by a 7-8-year open-label ex

Background: Previous epidemiologic and genetic studies have suggested a link between Parkinson disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), and restless legs syndrome (RLS). Methods: We describe the clinical, PET, and pathologic characteristics of an extensive kindred from Arkansas with hereditary PD, ET, and RLS. The pedigree contains 138 individuals. Sixty-five family members were examined neurologicall

Some key political challenges today, e.g. climate change, are future oriented. The intergenerational setting differs in some notable ways from the intragenerational one, creating obstacles to theorizing about intergenerational justice. One concern is that as the circumstances of justice do not pertain intergenerationally, intergenerational justice is not meaningful. In this paper, I scrutinize thi

Our point of departure is a new use of the question tag eller hur (or how) „isn‟t it?‟ in Swedish: (i) Eller hur ska vi åka till Italien i sommar? or how shall we go to Italy in summer „We will go to Italy this summer,. won‟t we?‟ We argue that eller hur used in this way is an overt Yes/No-question operator, and that it patterns with visst and nog, which we propose are two other Yes/No-question op

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Prospective cohort studies have indicated that serum vitamin D levels are inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes. However, such studies cannot determine the source of vitamin D. Therefore, we examined the association of dietary vitamin D intake with incident type 2 diabetes within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study in

Perforated vessels in one form or the other are found in ceramic assemblages in most societies from early prehistoric time onwards. They vary greatly in shape and size, indicating a multitude of uses. This paper focuses on a particular type of perforated vessel – the perforated open cylinder, a “vessel” with no base, or rather with rims at both ends. This means that its function as a container is

Recension av Bosse Schön, Hitlers svenska SS-soldater : brev och dagböcker.

Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING Dokumentation om Sjukdomar i sköldkörteln (thyroidea) finns dokumenterade i litteraturen sedan nästan 3000 år tillbaka. Många miljoner människor över hela världen lider av någon typ av sköldkörtelsjukdom, t.ex. förstorad sköldkörtel (struma/goiter), elakartade -, godartade förändringar eller överaktiv körtel (hyperthyreos, Graves’ sjukBackground: Thyroid surgery is the most common endocrine surgical operation and is considered by many to be at the zenith of endocrine surgery. A good hemostasis is mandatory during a thyroid operation and many new devices have been available during the last two decades. Total thyroidectomy, (TT) is now by many surgeons considered the method of choice when treating Graves´ disease (GD) and multino

Abstract in French Cet article présente le contexte culturel et archéologique des os fossiles humains de la Grotte Muierii que nous datons de 30 150 ± 800 14C ans BP (Before Present) ou 34 810 ± 927 cal. ans BP (ans calibrés Before Present), et de la Grotte Cioclovina, datés de 29 000 ± 700 14C ans BP ou 33 540 ± 832 cal. ans BP, dans les Carpates méridionales.. Ils s’insèrent parmi les plus ancieThis paper presents the cultural and archaeological context of the human fossil bones from Muierii Cave, dated by us to the age of 30 150 ± 800 14C years BP (Before Present) or 34 810 ± 927 cal years BP (calibrated years Before Present), and from Cioclovina Cave, dated to the age of 29 000 ± 700 14C years BP or 33 540 ± 832 cal years BP, in the Southern Carpathians. These are among the most ancien

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by chronic inflammation involving many organ systems. The etiology is unknown and the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Impairments of the immune system and of the mechanisms regulating cell death are commonly seen in SLE patients. Autoantibodies, in particular anti-dsDNA antibodies, are considered hallmarks of SLE, but the ideal biomar

In this article, we review recent theoretical work that has complemented the extensive experimental data available for multicopper oxidases (MCO) and led to the elucidation of the reaction mechanism of this class of enzymes. The MCOs couple four one-electron oxidations of substrates at the mononuclear type 1 copper (Cu-T1) site with the four-electron reduction of dioxygen at the trinuclear copper

Urate oxidase transforms uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate without the help of cofactors, but the catalytic mechanism has remained enigmatic, as the protonation state of the substrate could not be reliably deduced. We have determined the neutron structure of urate oxidase, providing unique information on the proton positions. A neutron crystal structure inhibited by a chloride anion at 2.3 Å resoluti

The harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) occurs throughout most of continental Europe. There are also two isolated and recently discovered populations on the Scandinavian peninsula, in Sweden and Norway. Here, we investigate the origin of these populations through analyses of mitochondrial DNA. We found that the two populations on the Scandinavian peninsula have different mtDNA haplotypes. A compariso

Hur gestaltades den diskursiva katolska manligheten i Skandinavien under konfessionalismens tidevarv? Och hur förhöll sig de katolska manlighetsidealen till de idéer om manlighet som framträdde inom nordisk folkkyrkokristendom vid samma tid? Dessa frågor har utgjort utgångspunkten för min undersökning om mansideal och manlighetskonstruktioner hos katolska präster, ordensmän och manliga konvertiter

Recension av R. G. Grant (red.), Krigsherrar. Militärhistoriens främsta befälhavare och Richard Holmes (red.), Stora boken om andra världskriget. Från blixtkrig till Hiroshima.

We report results from a large-scale nutrient fertilization experiment along a "megadiverse" (154 unique species were included in the study) 3,000-m elevation transect in the Peruvian Andes and adjacent lowland Amazonia. Our objectives were to test if nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation shift along this elevation gradient, and to determine how an alleviation of nutrient limitation would man