We derive Bayesian distances for all stars in the radial velocity sample of Gaia DR2, and use the statistical method of Schönrich, Binney & Asplund to validate the distances and test the Gaia parallaxes. In contrast to other methods, which rely on special sources, our method directly tests the distances to all stars in our sample. We find clear evidence for a near-linear trend of distance bias

The early stages of a galaxy's evolution leave an imprint on its metallicity distribution. We discuss the origins and evolution of radial metallicity gradients in discs of spiral galaxies using an analytical chemical evolution model. We explain how radial metallicity gradients in stellar populations are determined by three factors: the radial metallicity profile of the star-forming interstellar me

Based on a nationwide register data we recently reported a link between male infertility and increased risk of early onset prostate cancer. However, mortality due to prostate cancer, which can be regarded as the ultimate proxy for its clinical significance, especially in the context of over-diagnosis and over-treatment, could not be explored in the previous study, since the follow-up period in mos

Many countries around the world have a conscience clause allowing physicians and health care providers to opt-out of performing abortions. This practice of conscientious objection to abortion care affects both healthcare providers and women's access to abortion care. In Croatia, a conscience clause was introduced in 2003. Nonetheless, women's experiences of abortion after the introduction have not

Context. Elemental abundance gradients in galactic disks are important constraints for models of how spiral galaxies form and evolve. However, the abundance structure of the outer disk region of the Milky Way is poorly known, which hampers our understanding of the spiral galaxy that is closest to us and that can be studied in greatest detail. Young OB stars are good tracers of the present-day chem

The effectiveness of public health measures to prevent COVID-19 contagion has required less vulnerable citizens to pay an individual cost in terms of personal liberty infringement to protect more vulnerable groups. However, the close relationship between scientific experts and politicians in providing information on COVID-19 measures makes it difficult to understand which communication source was

The atrioventricular (AV) node plays a crucial role during many supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). To better understand its function under these complex conditions, mathematical modelling has emerged as a valuable tool. The model presented here builds on a recently published 1D model of the human AV-node, consisting of a series of interacting nodes, each with separate dynamics in refractory time

Ambulatory ECG recordings are frequently corrupted by artifacts caused by, e.g., muscle activity or moving electrodes, which complicates the analysis of f-waves and motivates signal quality assessment to improve the reliability of f-wave analysis. Although many methods have been developed for assessing the quality of ECG signals in general, no method deals specifically with f-waves. This study pro

Rotavirus (RV) infections remain the leading cause of world-wide diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality among children 200,000 deaths annually mostly in the low-income countries of Africa and Asia. Efficient clearance of the primary RV infection and protection from future re-infections is mediated by adaptive immune responses. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate th

The article analyses a case of prosecution for human smuggling. Three film crew members accompanied a Syrian refugee boy from Greece to Sweden, while recording the journey in a documentary that was screened on Swedish public television in 2015. Despite widespread recognition, they were prosecuted and found guilty of human smuggling by all the levels of the Swedish judiciary. Using a variety of mat

The gut microbiota has been associated with many diseases, including endometriosis. However, very few studies have been conducted on this topic in human. This study aimed to investigate the association between endometriosis and gut microbiota. Women with endometriosis (N=66) were identified at the Department of Gynaecology and each patient was matched with three controls (N=198) from the general p

A central endeavour in bioelectronics is the development of logic elements to transduce and process ionic to electronic signals. Motivated by this challenge, we report fully monolithic, nanoscale logic elements featuring n- and p-type nanowires as electronic channels that are proton-gated by electron-beam patterned Nafion. We demonstrate inverter circuits with state-of-the-art ion-to-electron tran

OBJECTIVE: To identify causal pathophysiological mechanisms for atherosclerosis and incident cardiovascular events using protein measurements. Approach and Results: Carotid artery atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasound, and 86 cardiovascular-related proteins were measured using the Olink CVD-I panel in 7 Swedish prospective studies (11 754 individuals). The proteins were analyzed in relation t

Inverse problems are important in quantum mechanics and involve such questions as finding which potential give a certain spectrum or which arrangement of atoms give certain properties to a molecule or solid. Inverse problems are typically very hard to solve and tend to be very compute intense. We here show that neural networks can easily solve inverse problems in quantum mechanics. It is known tha

The purpose of this study is to evaluate our previously proposed model-based, non-invasive approach to assess atrioventricular (AV) node refractory periods during atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing its estimates to the invasively assessed AV node refractory periods. Patients referred to the hospital for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), being in AF upon arrival, are included in the study. Using o

The CKD-EPI creatinine-based estimation equation for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) cannot be used in children, overestimates GFR in young adults, and its combination with the KDIGO recommended pediatric CKiD (Schwartz bedside) equation causes implausible increases in estimated GFR when switching from pediatric to adult care. By establishing sex-specific creatinine growth curves for children and