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Securitizing Öresund: The Temporary Permanent Border

Since the introduction of temporary internal border controls in the Öresund region the threats to public policy and internal security have had many faces. Threats moved from being placed under the climate security sector, to the social sector and most notably, the military sector. The Swedish and Danish governments have continuously securitized threats ranging from the Covid-19 pandemic, to terror

Swedish defence and security identity: a case of normative Europeanization? A study of Sweden’s official defence and security discourse through 1995 to 2022

Over the last few decades, changes have been observed in the Swedish defence and security identity. While countless studies have examined the reason behind this transformation, identifying factors such as external shocks, ontological security and role theory, the normative dimension of this development has received less attention. This thesis therefore examines whether the Swedish defence and secu

Cash for reform: did conditional EU funding deliver structural reforms in Member States?

The EU's Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), a crisis response of 673 billion euro to the Covid-19 pandemic, made it possible to reward reforms in Member States for the first time. This thesis investigates whether the RRF can promote structural reforms, in line with the Eu-ropean Semester's Country Specific Recommendations (CSRs), using a principal-agent framework to theorise the RRF’s

Seeding Legitimacy, Framing the Future: Sociotechnical Imaginaries and European Governance of Agricultural Biotechnology (1990-2023)

European agriculture is shaped by technical debates whose implications are deeply political. When the European Commission decides on the safety of an agricultural technique, it is settling a scientific question whilst also making a political choice: which knowledge matters, which risks deserve attention, and which futures are worth investing in. This thesis analyses the evolution of the European C

Between threat and opportunity: Anti-gender mobilisation in post-EU accession Croatia

This thesis investigates the role of EU accession in shaping the mobilisation strategies of anti-gender civil society actors in Croatia. Drawing on social movement theory, Europeanisation, and multi-level governance, it develops a causal mechanism whereby EU accession reconfigured anti-gender actors’ political opportunity structures in ways that contributed to a combination of EU-critical framing

Contesting Sustainability Conditionality and Enforcement in EU Trade: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Brussels-Based Media Coverage of the EU–Mercosur Association Agreement, 2019–2026

This thesis explores how Brussels-based EU-affairs media discursively construct and contest sustainability conditionality and enforcement in reporting on the EU–Mercosur Association Agreement (EUMAA). It situates these mechanisms within the EU’s broader use of trade agreements to pursue non-trade policy objectives related to EU values and standards. Drawing on postcolonial and decolonial theory, i

Framing Parental Leave: Comparing How US Legislators Frame Parental Leave Legislation

This thesis analyzes speeches given by US state legislators when debating paid parental leave legislation. In the 2019 legislative session Colorado and Nebraska both proposed paid parental leave legislation, although only Colorado was able to pass the legislation. Using Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and three-dimensional analysis alongside framing theory, this research identifies the fr

Beyond Size: Domestic Origins of Network Capital in the Council of the European Union

This thesis examines the Netherlands as a deviant case in the cooperation networks of the Council of the European Union. Drawing on seven waves of the Negotiations in the Council of the European Union dataset (2003-2021), it documents a trajectory more complex than the existing literature recognizes: a positive size-adjusted residual (overperformance) in every wave combined with a sustained declin

Coloniality within the EU-Morocco ‘Green Partnership’: Discursive (Re)production of Neocolonial Power

On the EU’s path towards climate neutrality in 2050, green hydrogen has emerged as a crucial energy carrier to support decarbonization. Despite growing academic attention, there is a lack of literature critically engaging with green hydrogen projects from a postcolonial perspective. Focusing on renewable energy as an external dimension of the Green Deal, this thesis asks: How does the EU-Morocco ‘

Europeanisation of Foreign Policy: A Comparative Case Study of Cyprus’s and Spain’s Engagement with Kosovo

Although Cyprus and Spain initially emerged as the strongest opponents of engaging with Kosovo, driven by fears over the implications for their independence movements, their practices have since unexpectedly diverged. Therefore, the following research question is posed: What factors explain the differences in Cyprus's and Spain's engagement with Kosovo since its declaration of independence

The EU as a Security Actor in the Eastern Neighbourhood: Securitised Resilience-Building Against Russian Hybrid Threats Since 2022 - Case Studies of Moldova and Georgia

This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of how the EU’s resilience-building initiatives for the Eastern Neighbourhood have evolved against Russian hybrid threats since 2022. Russian invasion of Ukraine significantly altered the security order on the continent, reshaping the EU’s perception of its own security. In response to increased hybrid threats, the EU has employed extraordinary regulato

Beneath the Baltic Sea: How the European Commission securitised hybrid threats on Critical Undersea Infrastructure to expand its role in EU security policy

This thesis investigates the extent to which the European Commission has emerged as a meaningful actor in the European security landscape by examining its response to Russian hybrid threats in the Baltic Sea Region in an increasingly uncertain geopolitical landscape marked by the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Has the role of the Commission fundamentally changed? Does the Commission continue to operate

The European Union as an Actor in Bilateral Trade Relations: An Explanatory Assessment of the EU’s Actorness in CETA

From the mid-2000s onwards, deep and comprehensive bilateral ‘new generation’ free trade agreements (NGFTAs) became the central instrument of the European Union’s (EU) Common Commercial Policy (CCP). The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between the EU and Canada was initially praised for its innovative scope and design and intended to serve as an archetype for future EU trade agre

Being stuck while moving forward? The regional identity of the Ruhr Area

The Ruhr Area is the most densely populated region in Europe and is founded on the mining of coal and production of steel. However, throughout the last decades it has endured many hardships, as the coal industry shut down and thus leaving the region as one of the poorest in Germany, while grappling with the loss of an element that once gave the region its identity. During recent years there has be

When Trade Power Becomes Constraint EU Maneuverability Under Coercive Trade Pressure

This thesis examines how asymmetrical interdependence constrained the European Union’s bargaining maneuverability during the 2025 EU–US trade negotiations. Although the EU is frequently described as a major structural trade power due to its market size, regulatory influence and collective trade competence, the negotiations demonstrated that structural power does not automatically translate into ef

AI-policy formulation and practise

The usage of AI in organisations is increasing at a fast pace and is creating a growing de-mand for AI governance and AI-policies. Despite this, the knowledge of how policies are formulated and translated into practise is at large limited. This study aims to qualitatively explore how Nordic organisations navigate both the process of formulating and translating their AI-policies into practise. This

The impact of municipal healthcare setting on the quality of end-of-life care : a population-based cohort study

BACKGROUND: In Sweden, approximately half of all individuals who die receive municipal care prior to death. Access to high-quality palliative care remains unequal, with known disparities between both care settings and diagnostic groups. Individuals receiving municipal home care are at higher risk of acute hospital admissions and in hospital death than those in long-term care facilities. However, t

Automated Decision-Making and Social Assistance Outcomes in Swedish Municipalities

This thesis examines whether the adoption of automated decision-making (ADM) in Swedish municipal social assistance is followed by changes in welfare outcomes. ADM has spread rapidly across Swedish municipalities, but existing research has mainly studied single cases and organisational processes. I therefore study whether this diffusion leaves a measurable pattern at the municipal level. The analy

Fair Trade? Fragmented Responsibility in the Enforcement of Socioenvironmental Norms: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the 2026 EU–Mercosur Agreement and Brazil’s Indigenous Advocacy

This thesis explores how welfare and sustainability are constructed, promoted, and contested within contemporary trade governance and specifically through looking at the EU–Mercosur Association Agreement and the 2026 report by Articulação dos Povos Indígenas do Brasil, representing the voice of the Indigenous people there, to explore how fair trade can be promoted in today’s world of volatile glob

Climate Refugees? Never heard of them. - An analysis of the UNHCR and IOM’s discursive construction of cross-border climate mobility.

Climate change has risen to affect every sphere of human activity and increasingly leads to people leaving their place of residence. This thesis aims at understanding how major international organisations engaging in cross-border mobility management, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Organization for Migration, discursively construct the issu