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Science is a gigantic network of search for knowledge, where researchers set up and test hypotheses, and the results are made available to other researchers, mainly through publications. The outcome of the subsequent discussion defines the current standing of scientific knowledge.
Background and objective: We present a summary of the 2025 update for the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The aim is to provide practical recommendations on the clinical management of UTUC with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Methods: For the 2025 guidelines on UTUC, new and relevant evidence was identified, coll
Background and objective: The European Association of Urology (EAU) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) guideline panel has updated their evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for the management of RCC. Here we present a summary of the 2025 RCC guidelines updated with standardised methodology to provide reproducible evidence for the management of RCC. Methods: For the 2025 update, a literature sear
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally. Despite extensive research, many aspects of M. tuberculosis pathogenesis and host immune responses remain unclear, complicating the development of effective treatments. Animal models are crucial for studying these interactions, and Mycobacterium marinum infection in mice serves a valuable
Road Safety Inspection (RSI) and Road Assessment Programme (RAP) are specific tools in the framework of Road Infrastructure Safety Management. Other tools are Black-spot Management, Network Safety Management, Road Safety Impact Assessment and Road Safety Audit. This chapter is devoted to RSI and RAP.
Serial dependence (SD) occurs when current perceptions are biased towards sensory input from the recent past. The present study investigated whether interindividual differences in working memory (WM) could predict SD in facial identity perception. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to capture early perceptual face processing (N170) and WM processing (frontal negative slow waves) in a combined W
Abstract: Serial dependence (SD) refers to the influence of a recent stimulus on a person’s perceptual judgement of a current stimulus. SD has been found to arise for a wide variety of objects and features, including faces. Perceptual and mnemonic processes, along with response and decisional biases, are thought to contribute to SD effects. Here, two experimental studies are reported examining the
Are marketers, the proponenst for continuous economic growth, the ultimate climate criminals? So far, their job has been to create unnecessary demand and to promote the overconsumption and waste that threatens our very existence on this planet. In this book however, the authors explore the potential of marketing to do the opposite–that is to help create a more ecologically sustainable future. This
Aim: This study investigated how human activities and local environmental variables shape tree assemblages (species composition in a defined location), comparing their effects on edible and inedible tree species. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Environmental filtering impacts spatial beta-diversity more than dispersal limitation; (2) human activities significantly influence regional tree beta-di
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to explore long-term behavioral consequences of early versus delayed cord clamping (CC) in school-aged children. The hypothesis was that early CC would be associated with an increased risk of symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due to the lower iron stores following early CC compared with delayed CC.METHODS: Exploratory,
Unpigmented skin cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer, and it burdens healthcare substantially even if it is not as aggressive as the more well-known malignant melanoma. Dermatoscopy images are commonly used for diagnosis, but differentiating between the many sub-diagnoses is a hard task. In this study we focus on these unpigmented cancers, performing both detection of basal cell carcinoma
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adhering to the EAT-Lancet diet has been observed to be associated with lower risks of various morbidities. This study aimed to investigate the association of adhering to the EAT-Lancet diet with incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and identify plasma proteins mediating such association.METHODS: This prospective study involved 202 340 participants free of COP
Background: The burden of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) can be measured with the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Non-Motor Rating Scale (MDS-NMS), for which scoring systems, structure and clinical coverage differ. Objectives: The goal was to develop conversion formulas between the NMSS and the MDS-NMS scores. Methods: D
The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) membrane protein family has 14 human members that perform key cellular functions, such as regulating metabolism. MCT8 and MCT10 have unique cargo specificity, transporting thyroid hormone and, in the case of MCT10, aromatic amino acids. Dysfunctional MCT8 causes the severe Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, yet the (patho)physiology and function of MCT8 and MCT10
Introduction: Tumor deposits are an important negative prognostic factor for long-term oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer patients, independent of lymph node status. Several novel models have been proposed to further integrate tumor deposits into the TNM-staging system, but their comparative performance remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify, compare and validate novel progn
