The Scandinavian countries have neither been a focus area in terrorism nor intelligence studies, even though the Scandinavian intelligence agencies perceive the terrorist threats as rather present in their countries. This thesis aims to examine the similarities and differences within the assessment of the most significant terrorist threats in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway between 2001-2022 based on

Pre-electoral coalitions affect the involved parties in a unique and yet a quite undiscovered way. The largest and most successful pre-electoral coalition in Sweden was called the Alliance and was created prior to the 2006 parliament election.. Although pre-electoral coalitions are heavily underrepresented in coalition studies, there are existing hypotheses about the connection between parties ent

South Africa secretly produced six and a half nuclear weapons from 1978-1989 before undertaking a complete nuclear disarmament between 1989-1991; it is the only instance in history of when a state has discarded an indigenously developed nuclear arsenal and presents a unique case for studying the nuclear decision-making of states. This thesis is a theory-testing case study where I, by conducting a

The European Union (EU) has long suffered from a democratic deficit, something that has been highlighted many times by politicians, media and citizens alike. The EU has in turn tried to better its democratic standing by increasing the power of the European Parliament (EP) through the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009. This has however not increased turnout in the EP elections substantially, as only the lat

Shopping for second-hand clothes is a phenomenon that has been on the rise, especially for the last twenty years. Second-hand clothes (SHC) consumption is a consumer-generated shopping trend whose consumers are discursively creating new identity meaning(s) for themselves out of their consumption. It has changed the outlook to become a fashionable trend in the last 20 years and is positively influe

Bakgrund: Hot och våld blir allt vanligare inom hälso- och sjukvården samt ambulanssjukvården. Anledningen till varför det sker kan bero på olika saker, allt från påverkan av berusningsmedel till psykisk ohälsa och kan uttryckas verbalt, fysiskt och psykiskt. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva ambulanspersonalens hantering av hotfulla och våldsamma situationer i ambulanssjukvården. M

This thesis is a descriptive case study of the institutional measures to improve women’s representation in Chile between 2015 and 2022. Women in Chile have historically been underrepresented because of two institutions introduced by former dictator Pinochet: the 1980 constitution and the binomial electoral system. In 2015, Chile reformed its electoral system to replace the binomial system with a

Influencing at the municipal level is imperative for Swedish democracy. The purpose of this study is to understand how influencing municipal politicians can be done. This was done by way of investigating if the speed limit outside a preschool in West harbor, Malmö could be affected. Qualitative text analysis of public documents, social media excerpts, an interview with the municipality politician

What have the EU institutions done to safeguard rule of law values in Poland and Hungary? The goal of this thesis is to examine how Hungary and Poland have acted in ways that contradict EU values of rule of law, as well as what the EU institutions have done to safeguard these principles legislated in the Union's rule of law principle. Using a modified theory of external governance to explain i

This exploratory investigation examines the Argentinian social movement for abortion rights, to provide material of strategies used by a successful social movement. By conducting interviews with participants of the movement, scholars, and representatives of feminist organisations in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the research gains first-hand insight to chart the strategies that were used. Assisting the

The study aims to uncover the discursive elements at work in Swedish public discourse on antisemitism. The study situates the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition of antisemitism in relation to Swedish discourse with the aim of measuring their congruence. A final aim is to uncover if the broadening of the term has led to marginalisation of those seen as problematic – constitutiv

This essay sought to investigate the extent to which two Nordic Prime Ministers performed their leadership on Instagram in accordance with a feminist leadership theory during the Covid-19 crisis. It then inquired into those performances’ potential consequences. In the initial section of the analysis, the essay identifies the narrative that the self-reported images as a stand-alone product produced

When the Bosnian civil war ended in 1995 by signing the Dayton-peace agreement, the international community imposed so-called liberal peacebuilding, known as the top-down approach. Since this proceeding had brought unsuccessful results, the number of nongovernmental organizations began to increase in order to build a sustainable and more inclusive peace in post-Dayton BiH. This thesis examines th

This study investigates the explanatory power of Liberal Intergovernmentalism and Neofunctionalism on reinforcing Europol’s mandate. More specifically, this thesis studies two EU regulations 2022/991 and 1190/2022 with a focus on Sweden’s position and applies Theory-testing Process-tracing as a method to investigate the case. The findings show that the hypotheses derived from Liberal Intergovernme

Through an idea analysis, arguments for and against two different policy changes regulating foreign labor in the Premier League will be dissected in order to reveal the nationalist and liberal qualities within them. Arguments made by the Remain and Leave-campaigns during the 2016 Brexit debate, prior to the referendum are also reviewed. The analysis of the empirical material revealed that the two

Are the European people more positive towards the European Union after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022? In light of an increasingly politicized EU, this thesis investigates if the citizens of the EU are more or less positive to the idea of the European Union now afterwards. The study contributes towards research into external shocks on public opinions, and applies its methodology and t

The civil war in Ethiopia between the regime and the province of Tigray has for approximately two years displaced people and an extensive famine has hit the region as a result of the conflict (FN 2021). The conflict was enforced during a time period of several humanitarian crises and pandemics around the world, meanwhile a new war in Europe is taking place (BBC 2022). These events have been expose

In recent years it has been a clear conflict in Sweden between scientists and the agency “Önep” which is responsible for the regulatory enforcement of research ethics. This conflict has shown how the academy and the state can have conflicting interests and that power struggle has made this master thesis relevant. Therefore, this thesis aim, and purpose has been to examine how Önep conduct their re

The purpose of this paper is to study the arguments, reasoning and security analysis made by government actors that resulted in the different and contradictory development trajectories for the civil defense and population protection policies in Sweden and Finland during the last decades. During the period leading up to the full- scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland has adequately pre

Prostitution, a policy issue outside of European Union (EU) competence, has in recent years made its way onto the agenda of the European Parliament (EP). In 2014, the resolution on sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality was published in which the EP stated that prostitution is incompatible with human rights. However, the other EU institutions remain reluctant to men