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Informal settlements often appear chaotic, seeming perhaps to have emerged without any planning. Evidence suggests however that many slum areas are in fact the result of organized, structured processes carried out with discipline and precision. Formal and informal settlements coexist parallel to one another without significant interaction, and governments and informal planners rarely understand ea
Here we report the results from exploratory analysis using a Bayesian network approach of data originally derived from a large North European study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) conducted by the IMI DIRECT consortium. 3029 individuals (795 with T2D and 2234 without) within 7 different study centres provided data comprising genotypes, proteins, metabolites, gene expression measurements and many differen
BACKGROUND: Previous case-control studies have reported aberrations of the gut microbiota in individuals with prediabetes. The primary objective of the present study was to explore the dynamics of the gut microbiota of individuals with prediabetes over 4 years with a secondary aim of relating microbiota dynamics to temporal changes of metabolic phenotypes.METHODS: The study included 486 European p
Drawing from socio-legal studies on technological governance and notions of the pacing problem between law and new technologies, this chapter addresses how generative AI is regulated in the EU AI Act. Specifically, it focuses on implications of the two-tiered approach to General Purpose Artificial intelligence (GPAI) models, where the top tier is adding obligations to producers of so-called “syste
Recension av den stadshistoriska utställningen på Dunkers kulturhus i Helsingborg.
I artikeln diskuteras organisationen för Dunkers kulturhus i Helsingborg.
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningDenna avhandling handlar om hur vi kan och bör förbättra våra begrepp för teoretiska syften. Närmare, bestämt handlar den om en metod som kallas explikation, som utvecklades av Rudolf Carnap i slutet av 1940-talet. En explikation går ut på att i vissa teoretiska sammanhang ersätta ett begrepp som redan används i det vardagliga livet eller i vetenskapen med ett likIn this thesis I critically evaluate and develop the method of explication. To explicate a concept is, roughly, to replace it with a similar but more theoretically useful concept. The method was first articulated in the 1940s by Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) but had been pursued in science and philosophy long before that. I begin the thesis with a critical evaluation of Carnap’s own writings on explic
BACKGROUND: General practices have been a long-standing focus of pharmaceutical promotion, but their financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies remain understudied.AIM: Examine pharmaceutical company payments to general practices in England from 2015-2022, focusing on changing patterns of payments and what this reveals about companies' marketing.DESIGN & SETTING: Descriptive analysi
Accident data analysis is the common basis for any decision-making process on traffic safety strategies and management. The quality of the data, in terms of completeness (accuracy and precision of information about accidents) and coverage (severity of accidents recorded, but also the level of accident reporting or underreporting), is always a concern because it can lead to wrong decisions. An acci
The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of key concepts related to modelling accident frequency, considering the random nature of traffic accidents. This includes topics such as the expected number of accidents (the 'true' yet unobserved measure of safety), regression-to-the-mean (RTM) and the safety-in-numbers phenomenon, which were briefly introduced in the chapter on accident data. T
Growing concerns about emissions, urban traffic congestion, and the promotion of an active lifestyle are inducing more people to choose bike for their daily commute. The increase in bike usage underscores the need for improving the cyclist’s safety. Our study examined the 72 363 cyclist crashes that occurred in Great Britain in the period 2016-2019 with the objective of (1) examining how various f
The objective of this investigation was to explore a hybrid application of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) to assess the impact of safety-related behavioural traits on the performance of bicyclists using a limited sample of data as a case study. These behavioural characteristics of cyclists are fundamental when specific cyclist groups are
This essay is the first systematic study of intramural executions in Sweden. It examines how intramural executions were introduced, and what effects it had on the publicity of executions. All intramural executions 1879‒1910 are studied. The essay presents three notable findings. First, that the aim of the introduction of intramural executions was not to exclude spectators per se, but to exclude wo
Background: The carba mix is used to screen rubber chemical allergy and consists of three rubber sensitising chemicals: 1% (w/w) zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC), 1% (w/w) zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) and 1% (w/w) 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), all in petrolatum. However, carba mix patch test results can be difficult to interpret, which may be linked to so-called ‘cocktail’ effects. Objectiv
Most agricultural and food policies often overlook diversity of farming households, resulting in generalized and ineffective interventions. Recognizing changing and diverse characteristics of farm types is therefore critical. Using data from 502 households in West Pokot County, Kenya, we employ principal component and cluster analyses to create farm typologies to guide targeted policy intervention
Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres using precipitation polymerization was first reported in 1999 in Lund. The synthetic approach attracted great interest for molecular imprinters worldwide due to its simplicity. Following the initial demonstration of feasibility for material synthesis, imprinted polymer microspheres were found to exhibit good colloidal stability qualifying for
Purpose: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors have unique psychological needs and require tailored support, as they transition from hospital settings following cancer treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of the online "Recapture Life" program to improve AYA aged survivors' psychological adjustment in early cancer survivorship. Methods: The inte
