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The Swedish implementation of the EU's Data Retention Directive, entailing mandatory retention of electronic communications data concerning all individuals for the purpose of law enforcement, was passed in 2012. In 2014 the directive was ruled invalid by the Court of Justice of the European Union on the basis of its alleged infringements on fundamental rights. Implementations of the directive

The cross-border regions of are often described as the heart of European integration, creating a unique platform for integration. Yet, many regions are struggling with economic disparities and low regional productivity. The levels of productivity in a region are closely linked to the size of a market. Could increase integration increase the levels of productivity in European cross-border regions?

Many Swedish municipalities create documents regarding their visions, ambitions and plans for the future. These documents display the strive many municipalities, cities and other areas have on ensuring their noticeability on the map, further enhancing their uniqueness compared to others. In the strive to achieve this, some values might be forgotten; especially those assuring justice and inclusion

Sweden has no legislated regulation for lobbying, but there is a huge on going discussion about the benefits and disadvantages with lobbying related to democratic values. This essay is studying parliamentary bills from 2000-2015, which has been raised in the question and the essay is embracing a democratic view where Robert Dahl’s theory about democracy is used as a foundation to the ideal types o

The Brussels Agreement signed on April 19th 2013 has been described as a historical deal on the normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia. The agreement relates to questions of how to integrate the Kosovo Serb minority in Kosovo. The answer is decentralization. However are the intentions of decentralization to truly integrate the Kosovo Serb? And why has the agreement received so much r

This thesis examines the corporate governance in a municipality owned Public Housing Company with a special focus on the politically elected board of directors. This is a qualitative case study were I have examined a large public housing company in a big town in Sweden. The empirical material is primarily from interviews with board members, CEO and management, but also from a field observation wer

This thesis is a case study about how Saudi Arabia’s and Iran's foreign policy have played a crucial role in forming the conflict in Syria from 2010 until today. Ever since the outbreak of the revolution in Syria, Saudi Arabia and Iran have been involved in Syria’s domestic policies. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how realism can be used to explain the power balance between the two c

Private military and security companies are part of an expanding global industry for security and is now performing services within UN peacekeeping missions. This thesis aims to study the use of private military and security companies in UN peacekeeping in the light of accountability. It does so by asking how accountable is UN in their use of private military and security companies in UN peacekeep

This thesis attempts to study and explain Swedish school principals’ reactions to and perceptions of the auditing process of the Swedish School Inspectorate. Guided by two strands of institutional theory, rational choice and sociological institutionalism, the author identifies certain factors that can potentially affect how principals react and think about the auditing process. The study follows a

This thesis analyses political leadership by the President of the European Commission after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. In the elections to the European Parliament 2014 a direct link was for the first time established between election results and the election of the President of the European Commission. The study is a single-case study of Jean-Claude Juncker in the period before for

Allt sedan Internet introducerades på 1990-talet har mycket förändrats i världen och juridik är inget undantag. Genom internet skapades en ny koppling mellan copyright och Internationell Privaträtt, detta för att copyrightintrång blev transnationella till en högre utsträckning och började ske genom massmediala kanaler. Sedan denna förändring får nu Copyright och Internationell Privaträtt arbeta tiSince the emergence of the Internet in the early 1990’s a lot has changed in the world and the area of law is no exception. Important for this essay is that the internet created a strong connection between the areas of Private International Law and Copyright, mainly since copyright infringements became transnational to a higher extent and happened more through ubiquitous medias. These two legal fi

The objective of this paper is to examine whether Edward W. Saids’ theory on orientalism exists in the Bush administration’ s description of Iraq in connection with the US-led invasion of Iraq 2003, and if so how it manifest. Orientalism is the thesis’ main theory which concerns how the West considers the “orient” (the Eastern part of the world, in particular the Middle East.) Further, the paper a

Negotiated power-sharing arrangements between former warring parties in civil wars have more frequently been highlighted in peace settlements as a way to foster durable peace. On the other hand, democracy promotion followed by a power-sharing agreement has generally had adverse outcomes and in war-torn- societies, power-sharing institutions has often created an institutional barrier for further de

Abstract This essay is about integration in the small Swedish municipality of Höör, in the south of Sweden. Using a qualitative research approach in the form of a content analysis, I have con-ducted a study concerning female immigrants from Afghanistan. The theoretical framework in this study consists of theories on integration by Diaz and Beckman. Further theoretical framework in the study consis

The survey is a critical discourse analysis of text analytic ambition where I study how Muslims and Islam are portrayed in Swedish media during the period September 2015 - May 2016.The research is based on forty newspaper articles from the nationwide newspapers Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. To read the discourses that prevail in the articles, I take the starting point in Edward Said's

This paper provides a new take on how to explain irregular migration. The results of this study takes a leap forward in scientific thinking of how larger irregular migration flows can be understood in the modern age where migrants are using internet technology to their advantage. By using existing migration theory and big data search patterns from google a completely new way of understanding irreg

Denna uppsats handlar om hur ett globalt företag påverkar bilden av Sverige i världen men också hos ”svenskar” själva. Uppsatsen är ett försök till att förstå på vilket sätt detta sker. Med utgångspunkt i teorier om nationen som en diskursiv formation och med diskursteorins redskap för hur betydelsefixeringar konstrueras och reproduceras, kan den diskurs om svenskhet som IKEA skapar kartläggas. Ge

After years of secretive, back-door negotiations, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was finally revealed to the public on November 5, 2015. While the TPP has been regarded by some as the “gold standard” for free trade agreements in the twenty-first century, a wide spectrum of political opposition has continued formed around the deal. This paper builds on the growing body of critical scholarship

The European migrant crisis escalated in 2015 and we saw the countries involved making various policy decisions. The following text will analyze the migration policies of the Danish and Swedish governments and why those policies were implemented. Using the method of an analysis of ideas I will try to establish a platform from which the policies could be explained and understood. A crucial assumpti

Civic integration is something that states interpret differently in their formulation of citizenship requirements. Thinking of the ongoing refugee crisis in Europe, citizenship policy is an important issue because states will confront new residents who need to obtain a citizenship in order to start a new life and integrate in a foreign country. The aim of this study is to follow up with existing r