We present a series of observables for soft inclusive physics, and utilize them for comparison between two recently developed color reconnection models: the new color reconnection model in Pythia and the DIPSY rope hadronization model. The observables are ratios of identified hadron yields as a function of the final-state activity, as measured by the charged multiplicity. Since both considered mod

The effects of plant invasions on plant communities are often assessed at a few sites or in a particular type of habitat, while studies in different habitat types are scarce. We investigated plant communities in the presence and absence of the invasive ornamental herb, Lupinus polyphyllus, in four habitat types: meadow, forest, road verge and wasteland, in two geographic regions by comparing vascu

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is important for the voice. However, it is unknown how thyroid surgeons manage this nerve during operations. We hypothesised that this management is related to the surgeon's age, gender, the surgeons' annual number of thyroid operations, i.e volume, and surgical specialisation.

Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson's disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodies. Several groups have studied the role of phosphorylation at the S129 in alpha-synuclein in a rat model for Parkinson's disease using recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors. The results obtained are inconsistent and accordingly the role of

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a strong risk factor for hepatocellular cancer, and mutations in the HFE gene associated with HH and iron overload may be related to other tumors, but no studies have been reported for gastric cancer (GC). A nested casecontrol study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), including 365 incident gastric adenoca

The valence photoionization and resonant Auger decay at 4d resonances below the 4d ionization threshold in Sb-4 clusters have been studied experimentally by means of photoelectron spectroscopy. The 4d absorption spectrum in the photon energy region from 30 to 36 eV has been recorded using the constant ionic state (CIS) partial electron yield (PEY), and the CIS spectra for various ionic states are

Fish is a source of important nutrients and may play a role in preventing heart diseases and other health outcomes. However, studies of overall mortality and cause-specific mortality related to fish consumption are inconclusive. We examined the rate of overall mortality, as well as mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cancer in relation to the intake of total fish, lean fish, and fatty fish

The photon energy dependence of relative photoionization cross sections in the valence ionization energy region of 5 to 45 eV for 4p and 4s orbitals of Rb and Br ions in RbBr vapors has been investigated. The behavior of state selective cross sections of molecular valence orbitals has been analyzed by comparing the observed 4p to 4s photoelectron intensity branching ratios with atomic state select

Malignant brain tumors induce pronounced immunosuppression, which diminishes immune responses generated by immunotherapy. Here we report that peripheral immunotherapy, using irradiated unmodified whole tumor cells, and systemic cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition induce cure in glioma-bearing rats (60% cure rate), whereas neither monotherapy was sufficient to cure any animal. Moreover, the combined therap

We analyze reinforcement learning under so-called "dynamic reinforcement." In reinforcement learning, each agent repeatedly interacts with an unknown environment (i.e., other agents), receives a reward, and updates the probabilities of its next action based on its own previous actions and received rewards. Unlike standard reinforcement learning, dynamic reinforcement uses a combination of long-ter

The differentiation stage of tumors is a central aspect in the histopathological classification of solid malignancies. The differentiation stage is strongly associated with tumor behavior, and generally an immature tumor is more aggressive than the more differentiated counterpart. While this is common knowledge in surgical pathology, the contribution of differentiation-related gene expression and

An α-particle irradiator, enabling high-precision irradiation of cells for in vitro studies, has been constructed. The irradiation source was a (241)Am source, on which well inserts containing cancer cells growing in monolayer were placed. The total radioactivity, uniformity, and α-particle spectrum were determined by use of HPGe detector, Gafchromic™ dosimetry film, and PIPS(®) detector measureme

This paper investigates the impact of changing science policy doctrines on the development of an academic field, working life research. Working life research is an interdisciplinary field of study in which researchers and stakeholders collaborated to produce relevant knowledge. The development of the field, we argue, was both facilitated and justified by the, at the time dominant, science policy o

Epitaxial graphene growth was performed on the Si-terminated face of 4H-, 6H-, and 3C-SiC substrates by silicon sublimation from SiC in argon atmosphere at a temperature of 2000 degrees C. Graphene surface morphology, thickness and band structure have been assessed by using atomic force microscopy, low-energy electron microscopy, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, respectively. Differe

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) negatively modulates GABA and glutamate release in the 'indirect pathway' of the basal ganglia, and has thus been proposed as a potential target to treat motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Here, we present an extensive comparison of the behavioural effects produced by the mGlu4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), VU0364770, and the mGlu4 orthosteric a

The peptide GSFSIQYTYHV derived from human semenogelin I forms a transparent hydrogel through spontaneous self-assembly in water at neutral pH. Linear rheology measurements demonstrate that the gel shows a dominating elastic response over a large frequency interval. CD, fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy and cryo-TEM studies imply long fibrillar aggregates of extended β-sheet. Dynamic light scatte

To investigate the possibility of using simple glass tubes as reactors for oxygen-demanding reactions, a setup was assembled to study the initial rate of conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) using Gluconobacter oxydans. Several parallel 10 mL glass tubes were incubated in a temperature-controlled shaker. The concentration of DHA was determined using a fast spectrophotometric HPLC-based