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The aim of the present study was to examine mean HbA1c and blood pressure levels during a 5 year period in 442 type 1 adult diabetic patients in relation to the incidence and progression of retinopathy, nephropathy and to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The study showed, that in patients under routine care at a diabetic unit with four visits to the out-patient clinic per year, the intraind

This paper examines Earth System Science as a novel approach to global environmental change research. Drawing upon Michel Foucault's governmentality concept, the paper opens up the Earth System metaphor to political analysis and asks what it does to our understanding of nature and society as a governable domain. We trace the scientific practices that have produced the Earth System as a thinkable a

A recently proposed two-dimensional H-2 NMR experiment is used to measure the H-2 (spin I=1) quadrupolar and paramagnetic shift anisotropy interactions in powdered CuCl2 center dot 2D(2)O as a function of temperature. The principal components of the quadrupolar and paramagnetic shift anisotropy tensors and the Euler angles describing the orientations of the tensors in the molecular frame are deter

BACKGROUND: In Ig-deficient mice allergen challenge-induced pulmonary late phase inflammation is at least as pronounced as in wild-type animals. This study investigates immediate hypersensitivity responses in these mice. METHODS: To examine the acute plasma extravasation response in airway tissue, immunized Ig-deficient and wild-type mice and sham-immunized wild-type controls were subjected to 15

Methods for facile synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric functionalized analogues of Tröger's base were developed with use of 2,8-dibromo-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (2) as the starting material. C(2)-symmetric 2,8-disubstituted analogues of Tröger's base (4a-f) were synthesized via double bromine-lithium exchange of 2 followed by quench with electrophiles. Desymmetrization via

Binding of human immunoglobulin-G (IgG) from aqueous solutions and human plasma to concanavalin A (Con A) immobilized poly(acrylamide-allyl glycidyl ether) [poly(AAm-AGE)] monolithic cryogel has been studied. Poly(AAm-AGE) cryogel was prepared by bulk polymerization which proceeds in aqueous solution of monomers frozen inside a column (cryo-polymerization). After thawing, the monolithic cryogel co

A polyether containing Lewis acidic boron atoms in its branched chain architecture was synthesised by a condensation reaction of boron trioxide, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and poly(ethylene glycol), the latter having a molecular weight of 300 g/mol. Electrolytes based on this polymer and several different alkali metal salts were prepared and investigated. The state of the ions in the elec

A rare collection of serum samples from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection followed up from the onset of clinical symptoms was acquired. RNA corresponding to the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of E2 protein of HCV isolated from nine patients was reverse-transcribed, amplified, sequenced, and HVR1 amino acid sequences were deduced. These sequences and a selection of HVR1 amino acid sequ

Incorporation of bowel into the bladder (enterocystoplasty) has been widely used to increase bladder capacity. It has been reported by others that the response of smooth muscle from the cystoplastic segment of the intestine shifts from that of the intestine (relaxation to α-agonists and ATP) to that of the bladder (contraction to α-agonists and ATP). This suggests a functional integration of the i

Nanometer-scale electron devices containing three-terminal ballistic junctions are fabricated by electron-beam lithography on InP/InGaAs two-dimensional electron gas materials. Based on the intrinsic nonlinearity of the devices, frequency mixer, phase detector and RS flip-flop memory functioning at room temperature are successfully achieved. The devices have simple structure layout and small size,

Microptila orienthula, sp. n. from Japan is described and illustrated based on adults of both sexes. The new species represents the first finding of Microptila in the Eastern Palaearctic Region, and it appears to be more closely related to Oriental species of Microptila than to the two Western Palaearctic species. The finding of a new species with affinities to the Oriental species as far northeas

Cerebral ischemia results in a local inflammatory response that contributes to the size of the lesion, however, the involvement of the cerebral vasculature is unknown. We hypothesise that the expression of inflammatory genes (Il6, iNOS, cxcl2, TNF-α and Il-1β) and extracellular-matrix-related genes (MMP9, MMP13) is induced in cerebral arteries following cerebral ischemia via activation of mitogen

The history of medical education in Libya spans over a period of 40 years. Medical schools had a good and promising start in the 1970s. The graduates of the first few classes had a good impact on the health services in Libya. However, the medical schools did not embrace the immense changes that medical education experienced over the last two decades. This article aims to give a background on the m

Mechanisms that mediate apoptosis resistance are attractive therapeutic targets for cancer. Protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) is considered a pro-apoptotic factor in many cell types. In breast cancer, however, it has shown both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic effects. Here, we report for the first time that down-regulation of PKC delta per se leads to apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Inhibition of M

Rationale Vitamin D has been shown to be involved in the host immune response toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objectives: To test whether vitamin D supplementation of patients with tuberculosis (TB) improved clinical outcome and reduced mortality. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, place-bocontrolled trial in TB clinics at a demographic surveillance site in Guinea-Bissau. We incl

This study examined the influence of insulin and glucose on the transcapillary fluid absorption during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in humans. Ten healthy males [23 (1) years] were exposed to LBNP of 45 cmH(2)O on two occasions: (1) before and during a hyperinsulinaemic clamp (HI) and (2) before and during a hyperglycaemic clamp (HG). Transcapillary fluid absorption and blood flow were reco

In pigs, the spontaneous secretion of the exocrine pancreas and the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) after intraduodenal infusion of fully saturated synthetic fats differing in chain length was studied. Growing pigs (n = 6) were prepared with pancreatic duct catheters, duodenal T-cannulas and catheters placed in the jugular vein. The pigs were fed 2 g/100 g body twice daily. B